Example Outcome and Impact
Level Indicators
DAC Network on
Development Evaluation
10th Meeting – 11 February 2010
1
Why are Outcome & Impact Indicators Needed?
1. Assist country offices to develop a set
of indicators for the programming level
(e.g. to guide development and
monitoring of a Country Strategy Paper)
2. To fill, as much as possible, the
'missing middle' between implementation
indicators and global impact indicators
2
The Missing Middle (1)
Outputs
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Global Impacts
3
Attention
1. This is a simplified tool, not a template.
Intervention logic must be developed for each country
based on its context and existing government strategies
2. Indictors are not fixed but provide ideas on how to
set, monitor and evaluate Country Strategy objectives
3. Crosscutting issues should be mainstreamed into
relevant indicators (e.g. disaggregation of data by gender)
4. Outcomes/Impact are not fully attributable to
development interventions Outputs are 100% attributable
but attribution falls as you move up the chain of results
4
Roads
5
Common Indicator of Success
6
Examples - Real Indicators of Success
Education
Trade
Time
Health
Jobs/Profits
Cost
Environment
7
Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Lower Road
Transport Time
Greater
Economic
Accessibility
Lower Road
Transport Costs
Greater
Accessibility to
Social Services
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Institutional
Reform
Improved
Institutional
Management of
Road System
Economic
Increased
Employment
Environment
Global
Impacts
Improved
Conditions for
Economic Growth
Economic
Growth
Poverty
Reduction
MDG 1
Social
Development
Environmental
Impacts of Roads
Minimised
MDG 7
Social
Intermediate
Impacts
Enhanced Safety
& Health Linked
to Roads
MDG 6
Enhanced Human
Capacity
8
Outcome Indicators
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Indicators
Lower Road
Transport Time
1. Travel Times
Lower Road
Transport Costs
2. Transportation costs
Institutional
Reform
Improved
Institutional
Management of
Road System
3. Implementation and enforcement of
laws related to roads
Economic
Increased
Employment
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
4. Employment resulting from construction
and maintenance of roads
Environment
Social
9
Specific Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Indicators
5. Access to roads
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Lower Road
Transport Time
Lower Road
Transport Costs
Institutional
Reform
Economic
Greater
Economic
Accessibility
Greater
Accessibility to
Social Services
6. Use of public transportation
7. Business productivity
8. Access to social services
Improved
Institutional
Management of
Road System
Environmental
Impacts of Roads
Minimised
9. Environmental effects of road
system
Environment
Social
Enhanced Safety
& Health Linked
to Roads
10. Road deaths and injuries
11. Disease transmissions
influenced by improved mobility
10
Intermediate Impact Indicators
Outputs
Outcomes
Lower Road
Transport Time
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Lower Road
Transport Costs
Institutional
Reform
Improved
Institutional
Management of
Road System
Economic
Increased
Employment
Environment
Social
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Indicators
Greater Economic
Accessibility
Greater
Accessibility to
Social Services
Improved
Conditions for
Economic Growth
Environmental
Impacts of Roads
Minimised
Enhanced Safety
& Health Linked
to Roads
Enhanced Human
Capacity
14. Employment
15. Trade
16. School attendance
17. Health attendance
11
The Missing Middle (2)
Outputs
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Global Impacts
12
List of Key Indicators
(with examples)
3. Implementation and enforcement of laws related
Outcome Indicators
1.Travel times
Public/Commercial transportation time
2. Transportation costs
Cost of public transport fares; commercial operating costs
to roads
Number/type of prosecutions related to road offences;
number/type of approved laws related to roads
4. Employment resulting from road construction
and maintenance
Number of people directly and indirectly employed in road
construction and maintenance projects
Specific Impact Indicators
5. Access to roads
9. Environmental effects of road system
Population living within x kilometres of a road network
Soil erosion directly related to roads; lead and carbon monoxide
pollution; market share for unleaded petrol; number of
vehicles meeting x environmental quality standard
6. Use of public transportation
Number of people using public transportation
7. Businesses productivity
Market return for traded goods; transfer to higher-value goods
8. Access to social services
Number of people who live within x time of a school, health
centre, or local government office; number of visits by
government officials to towns/villages
10. Road deaths and injures
Number of road deaths; number of road injuries
11. Disease transmissions influenced by improved
mobility
HIV/AIDS infection rate; TB infection rate
Intermediate Impact Indicators
12. Employment
14. School attendance
Employment opportunities within x travel time; increase in
employment within x area
School enrolment rates; school completion rates
13. Trade
Volume of trade between y and z regions; value of trade between
y and z regions
15. Health attendance
Number of visits to health centres; number of supervised births;
child immunisation rates
13
Education
14
Education Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Institutional
Management
Specific
Impact
Outcomes
Better
Allocation of
Educational
Resources
Increased
Affordability of
Education
Quality of
Education
Economic
Growth
Skills and
Learning
Enhancement
MDG 2
Equitable
Access to
Education
MDG 2
Health
Education
Facilities
Global
Impacts
Improved Family
Planning &
Health Awareness
Curricula &
Teaching
Materials
Teacher
Recruitment
& Training
Intermediate
Impacts
MDG 3
Improved
Participation in
Society
Poverty
Reduction
MDG 1
Social
Development
Greater Income
Opportunities
Optimal
Employment
15
Outcome Indicators (1)
Output
Clusters
Institutional
Management
Indicators
Outcomes
Better
Allocation of
Educational
Resources
1.
Transparent decision making
Increased
Affordability of
Education
2.
Cost for household
Curricula &
Teaching
Materials
Teacher
Recruitment
& Training
Health
Education
Facilities
Optimal
Employment
13. Employment: school/university
construction and maintenance
14. Employment: teachers and
government workers
16
Outcome Indicators (2)
Output
Clusters
Institutional
Management
Results
(Outcomes)
Better
Allocation of
Educational
Resources
Increased
Affordability of
Education
Quality of
Education
Curricula &
Teaching
Materials
Teacher
Recruitment
& Training
Equitable
Access to
Education
Indicators
3.
Absenteeism & Drop Out
4.
Teacher ratios/rates
5.
Qualification of teachers
6.
Teaching material ratios
7.
Transition & Repetition
8.
Equitable education participation
9.
Enrolment rate
10. Completion rate
11. Distance to school/university
Health
12. School and university places
Education
Facilities
Optimal
Employment
17
Specific Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Institutional
Management
Specific
Impact
Outcomes
Indicators
Better
Allocation of
Educational
Resources
Increased
Affordability of
Education
Quality of
Education
Skills and
Learning
Enhancement
Curricula &
Teaching
Materials
Teacher
Recruitment
& Training
Equitable
Access to
Education
15. Literacy &
Numeracy rates
16. Examination results
17. Social views
Health
Education
Facilities
Optimal
Employment
18
Intermediate Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Institutional
Management
Specific
Impact
Outcomes
Better
Allocation of
Educational
Resources
Increased
Affordability of
Education
Intermediate
Impacts
Indicator
Improved Family
Planning &
Health
Awareness
Quality of
Education
Skills and
Learning
Enhancement
Curricula &
Teaching
Materials
Teacher
Recruitment
& Training
Equitable
Access to
Education
Improved
Participation in
Society
Health
Greater Income
Opportunities 18. Employability
Education
Facilities
Optimal
Employment
19
Affordability Outcome Indicators
11. Distance to school/university
List of Key Indicators (with examples)
- x% of students within x kilometre of a school
1. Transparent decision making
- Implementation of transparent mechanisms to allocate resources between
12. School and university places
- Educational places as an x% of eligible students
sectors (e.g. using tools such as average cost ratios per student for different
educational levels)
2. Cost for Household
- Cost of education (i.e. fees, materials/equipment, lunches etc) as a % of
household expenditure; cost per student as a % of income per capita
Optimal Employment Outcome Indicators
13. Employment: school/university construction and maintenance
- Number of people directly and indirectly employed in school/university construction and
Quality Outcome Indicators
3. Absenteeism and drop out
- Teacher/student absenteeism rates; drop out rates
maintenance
14. Employment: teachers and government workers
- Number of people directly & indirectly employed as teachers and
government workers linked to education sector
4. Teacher ratios/rates
- Student teacher ratio; rate of double shifting
5. Qualification of teachers
Specific Impact Indicators
- Average qualification of teachers at each educational level
15. Literacy and numeracy rates
6. Teaching material ratios
- Literacy and numeracy rates by age, sex and social group
- Student textbook ratio
16. Examination results
7. Transition and repetition
- Examination results for various educational levels and subject areas by age, sex & social
- Progression rates; repetition rates
group
17. Social views
Access Outcome Indicators
- Support for violent conflict; prejudiced views towards other social groups
8. Equitable educational participation
- Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education; ratio of other
Intermediate Impact Indicators
disadvantaged groups compared to x% of population
9. Enrolment rate
- Gross and net enrolment rates
18. Employability
- % of school leavers/graduates gaining paid employment (split by type of employment)
10. Completion rate
- Gross and net enrolment rates
20
Health
21
Health Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Essential
Medicines &
Equipment
Results
(Outcomes)
Increased
Affordability of
Health Care
Regulation of
Private Sector
MDG 8
Institutional
Reform
Enhanced Service
Availability &
Quality
MDG 6
Increased Service
Utilization &
Intervention
Coverage
MDG 4
MDG 5
MDG 6
Infrastructure
Education
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Global
Impacts
Social
Development
Reduction in
Mortality
MDG 4
MDG 5
Poverty
Reduction
MDG 6
Improved Health
Behaviour
Improved Health
Awareness
MDG 6
MDG 5
MDG 6
Mitigation of
External Risks
Reduced Health
Risks
Health Care
Worker
Recruitment &
Training
MDG 7
Optimal
Employment
MDG 1
Reduction in
Morbidity &
Disability
MDG 6
Economic
Growth
Stronger Labour
Markets
22
Result (Outcome) Indicators
Output
Clusters
Essential
Medicines &
Equipment
Results
(Outcomes)
Increased
Affordability of
Health Care
Regulation of
Private Sector
Institutional
Reform
1. Household expenditure (out-of-pocket)
Enhanced Service
Availability &
Quality
2. Qualification of health care workers
3. Well equipped health facilities
4. Access to health facilities
5. Hospital beds
6. Availability to health care workers
7. Availability of drugs
Improved Health
Awareness
8. Awareness of infant & maternal care
9. Awareness of HIV/AIDS
10. Awareness of water borne diseases
Infrastructure
Education
Indicators
Mitigation of
External Risks
Health Care
Worker
Recruitment &
Training
Optimal
Employment
11. Employment in health sector
23
Specific Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Essential
Medicines &
Equipment
Results
(Outcomes)
Increased
Affordability of
Health Care
Regulation of
Private Sector
Institutional
Reform
Improved Health
Behaviour
Improved Health
Awareness
Mitigation of
External Risks
Health Care
Worker
Recruitment &
Training
Increased Service
Utilization &
Intervention
Coverage
Enhanced Service
Availability &
Quality
Infrastructure
Education
Specific
Impacts
Reduced
Health Risks
Indicators
12. Antenatal care coverage
13. Births attended by skilled personal
14. Child immunisation
15. Family planning
16. Malaria treatment
17. TB detection & treatment
18. Antiretroviral therapy coverage
19. Diarrhoea treatment
20 Child vitamin supplementation
21. Contraceptive use
22. Malaria prevention
23. Hand washing
24. Road safety
25. Safe drinking water & basic sanitation
26. Food safety
27. Air pollution
Optimal
Employment
24
Intermediate Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Essential
Medicines &
Equipment
Results
(Outcomes)
Increased
Affordability of
Health Care
Regulation of
Private Sector
Institutional
Reform
Increased Service
Utilization &
Intervention
Coverage
Reduction in
Mortality
28. Life expectancy
29. Maternal mortality
30. Child mortality
31. Adult mortality
Reduction in
Morbidity &
Disability
32. Spread of HIV/AIDS
33. Spread of malaria
34. Spread of TB
35. Disability levels
Indicators
Improved Health
Behaviour
Improved Health
Awareness
Mitigation of
External Risks
Health Care
Worker
Recruitment &
Training
Intermediate
Impacts
Enhanced Service
Availability &
Quality
Infrastructure
Education
Specific
Impacts
Reduced
Health Risks
Optimal
Employment
Stronger Labour
Markets
25
Affordability Outcome Indicators
List of Key Indicators (with examples)
1. Household expenditure (out-of-pocket)
Service Availability & Quality Outcome Indicators
2. Qualification of health care workers
3. Well equipped health facilities
4. Access to health facilities
5. Hospital beds
6. Availability to health care workers
7. Availability of drugs
17. TB detection and treatment
18. Antiretroviral therapy coverage
19. Diarrhoea treatment
20 Child vitamin supplementation
Health Behaviour Specific Impact Indicators
21. Contraceptive use
22. Malaria prevention
23. Hand washing
24. Road safety
Health Risks Specific Impact Indicators
Health Awareness Outcome Indicators
8. Awareness of infant and maternal care
9. Awareness of HIV/AIDS
10. Awareness of water borne diseases
Employment Outcome Indicator
11. Employment in health sector
Service Utilization & Intervention Coverage
Specific Impact Indicators
12. Antenatal care coverage
13. Births attended by skilled personal
14. Child immunisation
15. Family planning
16. Malaria treatment
25. Safe drinking water and basic sanitation
26. Food safety
27. Air pollution
Mortality Intermediate Impact Indicators
28. Life expectancy
29. Maternal mortality
30. Child mortality
31. Adult mortality
Morbidity & Disability Intermediate Impact
Indicators
32. Spread of HIV/AIDS
33. Spread of malaria
34. Spread of TB
35. Disability levels
26
Water & Sanitation
27
Economic
Intervention
Logic
Public
Health
Intervention
Logic
Water
and
Sanitation:
Intervention
Logic
Sustainable
Eco-System
Intervention
Logic
Water
& Sanitation
Intervention
Logic
Output
Clusters
Environment
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Improved
Conservation &
Preservation of Water
Increased
Employment
Education
Improved Quality
of Water &
Sanitation
Institutional
Reform
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Greater Equity in
Allocation of
Water & Sanitation
Sustainable
National Water
Supply
Reduced
vulnerability of
Ecosystem to
climatic events
Improved
Conditions for
Economic Growth
Economic
Growth
Improved Water
& Sanitation
Health & Hygiene
Behavior
Increased Access
to Water
MDG 7
Poverty
Reduction
MDG 1
Reduced Rate of
Water Related
Diseases
Social
Development
MDG 4
Increased Access
to Basic Sanitation
Increased
Affordability of
Water & Sanitation
Global
Impacts
MDG 7
Improved Use of
Water &
Sanitation
Economic
Intermediate
Impacts
Improved
Health
28
Water and Sanitation: Public Health Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Global
Impacts
Indicators
Improved Water
& Sanitation
Health & Hygiene
Behavior
Education
Improved Quality
of Water &
Sanitation
Institutional
Reform
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Greater Equity in
Allocation of
Water & Sanitation
• Pollution of water and soil
• Treatment of waste water
Increased Access
to Water
Social
Development
Reduced Rateaccess
of
• Domestic
to safe
• Rate
of water
water
• Equity in domestic
Increased Access
to Basic Sanitation
Increased
Affordability of
Water & Sanitation
Indicators
Poverty
• Water and sanitation
hygiene
Indicator
Reduction
awareness
Water Related
borneallocation
diseases
Diseases
water
and sanitation
• Access to basic sanitation
Improved
Health
• Household expenditure on water and sanitation
29
Water and Sanitation: Economic Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Global
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Specific
Impacts
Indicators
Improved Use of
Water &
Sanitation
Economic
Increased
Employment
Improved
• Irrigation requirements
Conditions for
Economic Growth
Indicator
• Efficiency of
production Economic
Growth
• Employment resulting from water and sanitation
construction and maintenance
Poverty
Indicator
Institutional
Reform
Infrastructure
(construction/
maintenance)
Increased Access
to Water
Reduction
Social
• Business access toDevelopment
water
Greater Equity in
Allocation of
Water & Sanitation
• Equity in allocation of water between sectors
Increased
Affordability of
Water & Sanitation
• Cost of water for businesses
30
Water and Sanitation: Sustainable Eco-System Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Global
Impacts
Intermediate
Impacts
Reduced
Indicator
vulnerability of
Ecosystem to
climatic events
Sustainable
Indicators
Environment
Improved
Conservation &
Preservation of Water
Sustainable
• Availability of water
National
Water
• Preservation of water
Supply
•
extraction of water
Economic
Growth
Education
Improved Use of
Water & Sanitation
• Water leakages
• Recycling of water
Poverty
Reduction
Institutional
Reform
31
Outcome Indicators
Specific Impact Indicators
Public Health
Public Health
Pollution of water and soil
Water and sanitation hygiene awareness
- Levels of chemicals, minerals, metals, pesticides etc in soil and water
- Improved collection and storage of drinking water
- Proportion of people hand washing
- Use of hygienic sanitation facilities
Treatment of waste water
- Proportion of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste water that is treated
before being discharged
Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation
- Rate of connection to water/sanitation network for slums/shanty towns compared
to national average
- Level of rural poor connection to water/sanitation network compared to national
average
Household expenditure on water and sanitation
Domestic access to safe water (inc. time savings)
- Households connected to water network for x months of year
- Households within 1km of safe water for x months of year
- Households who receive more than 20 litres of water per day
Access to basic sanitation
- Number of people with access to basic sanitation
- x% of household expenditure on water and sanitation by each income group in
society
Economy
Economy
- x% of agricultural water needs meet for x months of the year
- x% of industrial water needs meet for x months of the year
Irrigation requirements
- Amount of water needed to produce xm² of x food
Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction
and maintenance
-Number of people directly and indirectly employed in water and sanitation
construction and maintenance projects
Equity in allocation of water between sectors
- Implementation of transparent public/private mechanisms to allocate water
Cost of water for businesses
- Water as a x% cost of agricultural value
- Water as a x% cost of industrial value
Sustainable Eco-System
Business access to water
Specific/ Intermediate Impact
Indicators
Economy
Business productivity
- x% change in food production/yield and processing costs
- x% change in industrial production costs
Intermediate Impact Indicators
Availability of water
Public Health
-Change in water levels for lakes, rivers and water table
Rate of water borne diseases
Preservation of water
- Inflection rates for diseases such as diarrhoea, intestinal worms,
parasitic infections etc.
- Area of protected wetlands, lakes and rivers
Water leakages
- % of water lost through water systems due to leakages
Sustainable Eco-System
Recycling of water
Sustainable extraction of water
- Amount of sanitation water that is recycled
- Amount of water used in industry that is recycled
32
- Annual extraction of from surface and ground water, in relation
to
its minimum annual recharge (i.e. water balance sheet)
Agriculture & Rural Development
33
Agriculture & Rural Development Intervention Logic
Output
Clusters
Specific
Impacts
Outcomes
Intermediate Global
Impacts
Impacts
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
MDG’s 2, 3, 4,
5, 6 & 7
Improved
Access
Markets
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Increased
Productivity
MDG 1
Greater Food
Security
Increased
Trade
Improved
Quality of
Products
Poverty
Reduction
Increased
Affordability of &
Subsistence in Food
Increased
Production
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Economic
Growth
Agri-Labour
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Higher Rural
Income
Non-Farm
MDG 1
Social
Development
Improved
Environmental
Sustainability
MDG 7
34
Agriculture Based Economies (1)
Identified by:
• Agriculture provides basis for growth
(i.e. contributes over 30% of GDP)
• 70% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas:
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Regions within India & Mexico
Intervention focus:
• Improve smallholder competitiveness
• Ensure livelihoods and food security
35
Agriculture Based Economies (2)
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate Global
Impacts
Impacts
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Markets
Agri-Labour
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Productivity
Poverty
Reduction
Increased
Affordability of &
Subsistence in Food
Greater Food
Security
Increased
Production
Increased
Trade
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Economic
Growth
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Higher Rural
Income
Non-Farm
Improved
Quality of
Products
Social
Development
Improved
Environmental
Sustainability
36
Transforming Economies (1)
Identified by:
• Agriculture no longer driver of growth (i.e. 7%
of GDP) with rising urban-rural poverty gap
• 82% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas:
• South/East Asia (e.g. China, India)
• Middle East and North Africa (e.g. Morocco)
Intervention focus:
• Comprehensive approach and multiple pathways
out of poverty to reduce the urban-rural divide
- shifting to high-value agriculture
- decentralising non-farm economic activities to rural areas
37
Transforming Economies (2)
Output
Clusters
Specific
Impacts
Outcomes
Intermediate Global
Impacts
Impacts
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Markets
Agri-Labour
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Productivity
Poverty
Reduction
Increased
Affordability of &
Subsistence in Food
Greater Food
Security
Increased
Production
Increased
Trade
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Economic
Growth
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Higher Rural
Income
Non-Farm
Improved
Quality of
Products
Social
Development
Improved
Environmental
Sustainability
38
Urban-Based Economies (1)
Identified by:
• Small agriculture sector (i.e. less than 0.5% of
GDP) with high urban poverty
• 45% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas:
• Latin America
• Central Asia
Intervention focus:
• Link farmers to modern food markets
• Improve quality of agri-business and food industry
• Introduce market for environmental services
39
Urban-Based Economies (2)
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Specific
Impacts
Intermediate Global
Impacts
Impacts
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Markets
Agri-Labour
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Productivity
Poverty
Reduction
Increased
Affordability of &
Subsistence in Food
Greater Food
Security
Increased
Production
Increased
Trade
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Economic
Growth
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Higher Rural
Income
Non-Farm
Improved
Quality of
Products
Social
Development
Improved
Environmental
Sustainability
40
Outcome Indicators (1)
Output
Clusters
1.
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Markets
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Indicators
Outcomes
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Support for consumers vulnerable to short-term
food price changes
Support for farmers vulnerable to short-term
food price changes
Access to road transportation
Access to land
Access to water
Access to seeds and fertilisers
Access to improved breeds of animals/fish
Access to extension services
Access to information on market
Availability of credit
Investment in rural areas
Establishing a rural business
13. Preservation of natural resources
14. Sustainable management practices
15. Environmental services
41
Outcome Indicators (2)
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Indicators
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Non-Farm
16. Non-farm employment
17. Agriculture labour employment
Agri-Labour
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Markets
Increased
Productivity
18. Land productivity
19. Labour productivity
20. Capital productivity
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Production
21. Production
22. Type of production/diversification
Improved
Quality of
Products
23. International marketing standards
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
42
Specific Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Outcomes
Indicators
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
Non-Farm
AgriLabour
Increased
Productivity
Markets
Increased
Affordability of &
Subsistence in Food
Farm Inputs
Information
Services
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
Increased
Production
Increased
Trade
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Improved
Quality of
Products
24. Agricultural prices
25. Growth in agricultural
businesses
26. Growth in rural non-farm
businesses
27. Affordability of food
28. Subsistence in food
29. Agricultural trade
30. Rural non-farm trade
43
Intermediate Impact Indicators
Output
Clusters
Indicators
Outcomes
Efficient
Employment
Mitigating
Agricultural
Price Volatility
Provision of
Public Goods
Improved
Access
AgriLabour
Greater Food
Security
32. Undernourishment
Increased
Production
Increased
Trade
Capital
Better
Management of
Natural
Resources
Increased
Profitability of
Rural Business
Increased
Affordability of
& Subsistence in
Food
Farm Inputs
Enabling
Economic &
Regulatory
Environment
31. Rural Income
Increased
Productivity
Markets
Information
Services
Higher Rural
Income
Non-Farm
Improved
Quality of
Products
Improved
Environmental
Sustainability
33. Land
sustainability
34. Sustainable
extraction of
water
35. Adapting to
climate change
44
Price Volatility Outcome Indicators
Production Outcome Indicators
1. Consumer vulnerability to short-term price changes
2. Farmer vulnerability to short-term price changes
21. Production
22. Type of production/diversification
Improved Access Outcome Indicators
Quality Outcome Indicators
3. Access to road transportation
4. Access to land
5. Access to water
6. Access to seeds and fertilisers
7. Access to improved breeds of animals/fish
8. Access to extension services
9. Access to information on markets
10. Availability of credit
11. Investment in rural areas
12. Establishing a rural business
23. International marketing standards
List of Key Indicators (with examples)
Natural Resource Outcome Indicators
13. Preservation of natural resources
14. Sustainable management practices
15. Environmental services
Profitability Specific Impact Indicators
24. Agricultural prices
25. Growth in agricultural businesses
26. Growth in rural non-farm businesses
Affordability/Subsistence Specific Impact Indicators
27. Affordability of food
28. Subsistence in food
Trade Specific Impact Indicators
29. Agricultural trade
30. Rural non-farm trade
Rural Income Intermediate Impact Indicators
Employment Outcome Indicators
16. Non-farm employment
17. Agricultural labour
31. Rural income
Food Security Intermediate Impact Indicators
32. Undernourishment
Productivity Outcome Indicators
18. Land productivity
19. Labour productivity
20. Capital productivity
Environment Sustainability Intermediate Impact Indicators
33. Land sustainability
34. Sustainable extraction of water
35. Adapting to climate change
45