ZigBee
Siying Li, Lixing Huang, Yulin Xie
1
What is ZigBee
 Wireless communication
protocol standard
 Mesh network
 Low-cost, low-power
2
Application
Ref: http://www.hometoys.com/images/upload/images/45927016.jpg
3
Application
Ref: http://www.emfrf.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/smart-meter-network-components.jpg
4
Mesh network
5
6
Start
7
Start
8
B
A
9
Find route
B
A
10
Find route
B
A
11
Find route
B
A
12
Return route
B
A
13
Communicate
B
A
14
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
15
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
16
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
17
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
18
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
19
Comparison
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Range
50-1600m
10m
50m
Power Supply
Years
Days
Hours
Complicity
Simple
Complicated
Very
Complicated
Transmission
Speed
250 Kbps
1Mbps
1-54Mbps
Cost of terminal
unit
Low
Low
High
Ease of use
Easy
Normal
Hard
Video?
Audio?
20
Xbee RF module
A Digi RF module using IEEE 802.15.4 standard and combining with serial command.
More on Xbee series: https://www.sparkfun.com/pages/xbee_guide
21
Point-to-point
 Data transfer
 UART protocol
 Transparent mode
 Source and destination
 Addressing
 Configuration
22
Point-to-point
 Data transfer
 UART protocol
 Transparent mode
 Source and destination
 Addressing
 Configuration
23
Point-to-point
 Data transfer
 UART protocol
 Transparent mode
 Source and destination
 Addressing
 Configuration
24
UART
Ref: http://www.eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs373/Lec/373L09W16.pdf
25
UART
VCC
UART DOUT
RTS
UART DIN
CTS
GND
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
26
Transparent mode
 Default operation
 DIN data queue up for RF transmission
 RF received data sends to DOUT
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
27
Addressing
 Default: 64-bit MAC address
 Can be read with SL, SH commands
 16-bit short address
 Manually configured using MY command
 Destination
 Set with DH, DL commands
Parameter
Controller Xbee
RC car Xbee
MY (src addr)
0x01
0x02
DH (dest addr high)
0
0
DL (dest addr low)
0x02
0x01
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
28
Configuration
 Software configuration – XCTU
 http://www.digi.com/products/xbee-rf-solutions/xctu-software/xctu
XBee
UART-USB
Bridge
PC
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
29
XCTU
30
XCTU
31
XCTU
32
Configuration
 AT command – send configuration commands through UART
 e.g.
+++
ATDL1A0D\r
ATCN\r
//enter AT mode
//write low destination address
//exit AT mode
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
33
Multi-point
 API mode
34
API vs Transparent
API
Transparent
Easy to use
Complicated
Very Easy
Protocol &
Encoding
UART + Software encoding
UART + nothing
Capability
Talk to any one
Point to point
Content
Destination
Source address
Signal strength
Data
AT Command
Etc...
Data
35
API Command
 Syntax
 Length = sizeof(Frame Data)
 Checksum = 0xFF - sum(Frame Data)
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
36
API Command Example
 Transmit data
 cmdID: 0x01 (16-bit addr), 0x00 (64-bit addr)
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
37
API Command Example
 Receive data
 cmdID: 0x81 (16-bit addr), 0x80 (64-bit addr)
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
38
API Command Example
 AT command
 cmdID: 0x08
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
39
Q&A
40
Appendix
41
AT Command
 Syntax
 One line per command
 Multiple commands in one line
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
42
Network - DigiMesh
• Simple setup
• All nodes can
sleep
• Flexibility to
expand the
network
• Good enough for
point-to-point
Ref: http://www.digi.com/pdf/wp_zigbeevsdigimesh.pdf
43
Network - Zigbee® Mesh
• Open standard
• Interoperability with
devices made by
different vendors
• Over-the-air firmware
upgrades
Ref: http://www.digi.com/pdf/wp_zigbeevsdigimesh.pdf
44
Working Mode
 Transparent
 Act as direct connection between UART
 AT
 Configure module
 API
 Most powerful to do everything
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
45
API Command
 Escape characters
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
46
API Command
 Frame data structure
Ref: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf
47