CS-410 Blue Team
Presentation 2
Outline
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Team Introduction
A Bit of History
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The Waterside Building
NCSoSE
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Mentor Introduction
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NCSoSE Technique
Current Stakeholder Analysis Data Flow
The Problem
The Solution
•
Objectives
The STAT Data Flow
The inner workings of STAT
Visual Examples
Potential Risks
The Competition
Benefits of the Solution
References
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The Team
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What is a Stakeholder?
“Someone who can affect or is
affected by the achievement of the
organization’s objectives”[1]
[1] (Freeman,
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1984)
Current Common Method of
Stakeholder Analysis
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A Quick Example…
Housing Developer
Local Communities
Developer
doesn’t
OneMedia
Communities
Local
identifyProject
this Is Canceled
community is
band
as an a big
against Commission
together
Planning
enough
Problem
City Staff
City Council
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Communities
go to local
media and
later City
Council
Background
•
•
•
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The identification of stakeholders is an
important job of the project team.
It is their job to adequately evaluate a
stakeholder’s impact on a project or
projects.
The project manager must also realize
the effect that stakeholders with power
will have on the ones without power.
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What Is NCSOSE?
..And What Do They Have To
Do With Stakeholder Analysis?
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Blue Team Mentors from NCSoSE
Patrick Hester
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Kevin Adams
Case Study: Stakeholders in Systems
Problems
Patrick T. Hester
Joseph M. Bradley
Kevin MacG. Adams
National Centers for System of Systems Engineering,
Old Dominion University,
Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Stakeholders in Systems Problems
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•
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Stakeholders exist at the center of all
systems problems.
NCSOSE sought to develop a new
approach by:
• Correctly identifying key stakeholders
• Analyzing the importance of each
• Engaging them based on prioritization
Stakeholder Identification and
Classification
Stakeholder Attributes
Power
"A relationship among social actors in
which one social actor, A, can get another
social actor, B, to do something that B
would not” (Mitchell, et al., 1997, p. 869)
(Dahl, 1957;
Pfeffer, 1981;
Weber, 1947)
Legitimacy
"A generalized perception or assumption
that
the actions of an entity are desirable,
proper, or appropriate within some socially
constructed system of norms, values,
beliefs, definitions” (Mitchell, et al., 1997, p.
869)
(Suchman,
1995; Weber,
1947)
Urgency
"The degree to which stakeholder claims
(Mitchell, et
call for immediate attention” (Mitchell, et al., al., 1997)
1997, p. 869)
adapted from (Hester, Bradley and Adams, 2012)
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Stakeholder Attitudes Towards Projects
Attitude Categories
Supportive
Supports the project. Gives full
cooperation.
Potential:
Low Threat
High Cooperation
Mixed
May support and/or refute the
project in different aspects due to
various reasons.
Potential:
High Threat
High Cooperation
Marginal
Possesses little interest in the
project.
Potential:
Low Threat
Low Cooperation
Non-supportive
Does not support the project.
Potential:
High Threat
Low Cooperation
Adapted from (Savage, et al., 1991)
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Stakeholder Relationships
Relationship Factors
Who the
relationship is
with
Certain stakeholders may have multiple relationships
with other stakeholders, making their project impact
much more important.
Strength of
relationship
The relationships among stakeholders may vary in
strength. Strong relationships among stakeholders
must be taken into consideration.
Note:
Negative influences on a stakeholder with many relationships can
affect the project drastically.
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Why Do We Need A Software Solution?
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Current Method of Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis is often done manually with the help of simple
visualization tools such as Microsoft Visio or PowerPoint.
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The Problem Defined
When problem solving, stakeholders
play a vital role in the success or
demise of a project. A better solution
is needed to easily identify and
analyze stakeholders to maintain
situational awareness throughout the
problem solving process.
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The Solution
STAT is a software solution that
looks to alleviate the currently
primitive methods of stakeholder
analysis. This tool will encompass
identifying, prioritizing, and
analyzing stakeholders in a
practical, visual environment.
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STAT Objectives
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Visual representations of analysis.
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Non-linear information flow.
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Consistent with industry standards.
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Effective analysis algorithms.
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Exportable results.
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How Will STAT Work?
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Major Functional Component Diagram
Nice, simple standalone software
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STAT Data Flow
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Work Breakdown Structure
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Logic Design
Rather than utilizing a database for
information storage, STAT will implement the
usage of XML files with a .stat extension.
This allows less overhead and superior
portability.
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How Will STAT Look?
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User Navigation
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User Navigation
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Identifying Stakeholders
Quickly Identify
Stakeholders and their
personal desires from
the project outcome.
STAT enables quick
additions and editing
during the
brainstorming process.
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Classification Output
By identifying a stakeholder’s amount of power, legitimacy, and urgency, they can
be classified in one of eight categories. A graphic can be displayed showing the
dispersion of the stakeholders among the categories.
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Recommended Action Output
The stakeholders attitude is determined from their
potential:
• for cooperation with the project
• of threat to the project
Once the stakeholder’s attitude is determined to be one
of four categories, it can be matched with its
classification to recommend an action strategy.
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Stakeholder Relationship Map
adapted from (Hester, Bradley and Adams, 2013)
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The Management Plan
Once analysis is complete, STAT will return an interactive
management list. Every name in the list is clickable for further
information. The list is dynamic and will change as stakeholder
attributes change during the project duration.
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Potential Risks
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Customer Risks
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Technical Risks
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Exploring Existing Stakeholder
Software
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STAT is Analysis Software
STAT provides the user with a
simple, consistent, and
mathematically precise way to
identify and prioritize potential
stakeholders based on the research
of NCSOSE.
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STAT is Not a
Customer Relationship Management Tool.
STAT does produce a quick management plan,
but does not:
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Manage customer relations.
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Send out surveys.
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Track complaints.
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Set up meetings.
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Track issues.
These are features of stakeholder management/CRM tools.
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Stakeholder Software Examples
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•
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Analysis Tools
Stakeholder
Circle
STAT
Management Tools
• Darzin
• Enablon SRM
• StakeTracker
• Vuelio
• Jurat Software
Software Competition Diagram
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Stakeholder Map
Comparison
Stakeholder Circle
STAT
Which output would you prefer?
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Benefits of the STAT Solution
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Iterative graphical representations aid
understandability.
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Specialized algorithms automatically
prioritize important stakeholders.
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STAT provides a simple,
intuitive environment.
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When you need the
information…
You need it STAT
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References
PowerPoint theme by PresenterMedia.com
[1] Dahl, R.A. (1957) ‘The concept of power’, Behavioral
Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.201–215.
[2] Freeman, R.E. (1984) Strategic Management: A
Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, Boston.
[3] Hester, P.T., Bradley, J.M., and Adams, K. MacG. (2013).
Stakeholders in systems problems. International Journal of
System of Systems Engineering, 3(3/4), 225-232.
[4] Mitchell, R.K., Agle, B.R., & Wood, D.J. (1997). Toward a
theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the
principle of who and what really counts. Academy of
Management Review, 22(4), 853-886.
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References
[5] Pfeffer, J. (1981) Power in Organizations, Pitman,
Marshfield, MA.
[6] Savage, G.T., Nix, T.W., Whitehead, C.J., & Blair, J.D.
(1991). Strategies for assessing and managing organizational
stakeholders. The Executive, 5(2), 61-75.
[7] Suchman, M.C. (1995) ‘Managing legitimacy: strategic and
institutional approaches’, Academy of Management Review,
Vol. 20, No. 3, pp.571–610.
[8] Weber, M. (1947) The Theory of Social and Economic
Organization, Free Press, New York.
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Thank you for your attention
Questions?
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