Vocabulary 2-4-15
• Students will be assigned a vocabulary word they
will then create a foldable with the following: (15
Minutes)
– First section: word
– Second section: Definition
– Larger section: a picture of the word
• Must be in COLOR
Group Work
• You have three minutes to gather as many words and
definitions as possible.
Closing Task:
2/4/2014
• You will complete one paragraph, answering the following
question:
– Using your word as evidence, why do you believe the Civil Rights
Movement is significant to U.S. History?
Bell Ringer 2-5-15
• Using the vocabulary words
collected in yesterday’s
assignment What do you think the
Civil Rights Movement is?
What are Civil Rights?
• Civil Rights – legal and political rights enjoyed by the
inhabitants of a country.
• The Constitution and Bill of Rights guarantee civil
rights to citizens and resident aliens of the United
States, but certain groups of people were denied some
rights.
• Examples of groups who have been denied civil rights
include African Americans, American Indians, and
women.
Purpose of the Civil Rights Movement
• Increase in:
– voter registration and turn outs
–# of minorities running for and elected into
office
–Laws to end racial segregation
METHODS OF EXPANDING THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE
DEMOCRATIC PROCESS Include:
1. Lobbying – the act of persuading legislators to vote for
legislation
2. Non-violent protesting
3. Court decisions – court decisions can declare discriminatory
laws as unconstitutional
4. Litigation –Laws must be enforced for change to occur
5. Amendments to the U.S. Constitution – amending the
constitution can drastically change opportunities for
participation in government (e.g., 15th Amendment, 19th
Amendment).
Assignment: 2/5/2015
• You will create a FLOW MAP (timeline)on the following topics:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Amendments 13, 14, 15 : Page 54
Amendment 19: page 124
Desegregation of the Armed Forces: Page 273
Civil Rights Act of 1957: page 275
Amendment 24: page 279
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Page 279
Voting Rights Act of 1965: Page 279
• You have to include the following for EACH!:
– A date
– A description of each
Civil Rights Amendments
• 13th Amendment – ended slavery
• 14th Amendment – declared that all persons born in the US
were citizens, that all citizens were entitled to equal rights
regardless of their race
• 15th Amendment –granted African American men the right to
vote.
• 19th Amendment – guarantees all American women the right
to vote
• 24th – eliminates poll tax
Desegregation of the Armed Forces
• In 1948, by Executive Order,
President Truman ended
segregation in the armed forces,
"It is hereby declared to be the
policy of the President that
there shall be equality of
treatment and opportunity for
all persons in the armed services
without regard to race, color,
religion, or national origin.”
Civil Rights Act 1957
• Civil Rights Act 1957 – first civil rights law since
Reconstruction that primarily protected voting rights
• It established a federal Civil Rights Commission with authority
to:
– investigate discriminatory conditions
– empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court orders against
interfering with the right to vote.
Civil Rights Act 1964
• Civil Rights Act 1964 – abolished racial, religious, and sex
discrimination by employers
• It made it illegal for an employer to “fail or refuse to hire or to
discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against
any individual with respect to his compensation, terms,
conditions, or privileges or employment, because of such
individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.”
Voting Rights Act 1965
• Voting Rights Act
1965 – outlawed the
requirement to pay
a poll tax or take a
literacy test in order
to be eligible to vote
Closing Task 2-5-15
• Students will complete an acrostic poem on the Civil Rights
Movement.
• This poem has to analyze, describe and depict what CIVIL
RIGHTS are.
• EXAMPLE: word used “ACROSTIC”
Bell Ringer 2-6-15
Explain the difference
between the Civil Rights
Act of 1957 and the Civil
Rights Act of 1964
2-6-15
Closing Task 2-6-15
• You will participate in stations and analyze
each political organization.
2-6-15
NAACP
• NAACP – National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People
• It was founded by WEB DuBois
• Its mission is "to ensure the
political, educational, social, and
economic equality of rights of all
persons and to eliminate racial
hatred and racial discrimination”
BPP
• The Black Panther Party (BPP) had four desires:
equality in education, housing, employment
and civil rights. It had a 10 Point Plan to get its
desired goals.
• the Black Panthers had a violent method to
their public stance. They preached for a
"revolutionary war" but though they
considered themselves an African-American
party, they were willing to speak out for all
those who were oppressed from whatever
minority group. They were willing to use
violence to get what they wanted.
• The two founders of the Black Panther Party
were Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale.
LULAC
• LULAC – League of United Latin
American Citizens
• LULAC was created to combat
the discrimination faced by
Hispanics in the United States
• It was founded by Pedro
Hernandez Barrera & Maria
Hernandez
AIM
• The American Indian Movement
(AIM) is a Native American
advocacy group in the United
States, founded in July 1968.
• Its purpose was to encourage selfdetermination among Native
Americans and to establish
international recognition of their
treaty rights.
• It was founded by Dennis Banks,
George Mitchell, Herb Powless,
Clyde Bellecourt, Vernon
Bellecourt, Harold Goodsky and
Eddie Benton-Banai
NAWSA
• NAWSA – National American
Woman Suffrage Association
• The NAWSA was the largest and
most important suffrage
organization in the United States,
and was the primary promoter of
women's right to vote.
• Founded by Susan B. Anthony, Lucy
Stone, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Carrie Chapman Catt.
NOW
• NOW – National Organization for
Women
• The NOW organization is devoted to
achieving full equality for women
through education and litigation.
• It was founded by Betty Friedan who
wrote The Feminine Mystic, which
detailed the concerns of American
housewives which renewed the
women’s movement.
UFW
• The Farm Workers Movement
was founded in 1962 with Cesar
Chavez.
• Chavez’ dream to win dignity
and respect for America's farm
workers through better working
conditions and a living wage.
SCLC
• Southern Christian Leadership
Conference was founded in 1957
by Martin Luther King Jr.
• It was made up of AfricanAmerican clergy from the South.
• It advocated nonviolent passive
resistance as the means of
securing equality for African
Americans.
SNCC
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee was founded by college
students.
• SNCC volunteers gained early
recognition for their lunch counter sitins at whites-only businesses and
later for their participation in historic
demonstrations that helped pave the
way for the passage of landmark
federal Civil Rights legislation in 1964
and 1965. SNCC made significant gains
in voter registration for blacks in the
South.
CORE
• The Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE) is a U.S. civil rights
organization that played a pivotal
role for African Americans in the
Civil Rights Movement.
• Founded in 1942 by James R.
Robinson, James L. Farmer, Jr., Joe
Guinn, George Houser, and Homer
Jack.
• CORE was one of the "Big Four"
civil rights organizations, along
with the SCLC, the SNCC, and the
NAACP.
Hector P. Garcia
• Hector P. Garcia – Mexican American physician and
civil rights advocate; Dr. Garcia organized the American
G.I. Forum (1948) initially to improve veteran benefits
and enhance medical attention, but it soon expanded
to address educational and vocational training,
housing, public education, poll taxation, voter
registration, hospitalization, and employment.
Closing Task 2-6-15
• In groups students will travel to different
stations that analyze each political
organization.
You will have 8 minutes per station.
Bell Ringer 2-9-15
• Which political
organization
believed in violence
to achieve civil
rights?
2-9-15
Academic Task 2-9-15
• Students will create a foldable on the following:
1. Rosa Parks- Who was she and what did she do? Page 275
2. Describe the Little Rock Incident. Page 275-276
3. Who were the Congressional bloc of Southern Democrats and
what did they do? Page 277
4. George Wallace- Who was he and what did he do? Page 276
5. Lester Maddox- Who was he and what did he do? Page 276
You have 25 minutes!
2-9-15
Rosa Parks
• Rosa Parks – was a African
American civil rights activist
• In Montgomery, Alabama
(1955) she refused to give
up her seat on the city bus
for a white man which led to
the Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Congressional bloc of Southern Democrats
• The Congressional bloc of southern Democrats –
a group of 18 southern Democrats and one
Republican, worked to block the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 by relying on a filibuster (delaying
process) in the Senate to postpone the legislation
as long as possible, hoping that support for the
legislation throughout the country would fail.
• Sept. 1957, school board in Little Rock, Arkansas, won a court order
to admit 9 African-American students to Central High
– “Little Rock Nine”
– Were to attend a school w/ 2,000
white students
• Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas orders troops from the Arkansas
National Guard to prevent the students from entering the school
– A mob also joins the troops to protest the integration plan & intimidate the
students
Crisis in Little Rock
• TV coverage makes Little Rock the center of national attention
– Gov. Orval Faubus used armed forces of a state to oppose the
authority of the federal gov’t
• 1st challenge of the Constitution since the Civil War
• Pres. Eisenhower immediately orders the US Army to go to Little
Rock
– By morning US troops have encircled the building
– Troops escort the students into school
Rather than letting
African-American
students attend the
school, Central High
was shut down
• “I tried to see a friendly
face somewhere in the
mob - someone who
maybe would help. I
looked into the face of
an old woman and it
seemed a kind face, but
when I looked at her
again, she spat on me”
George Wallace
“I draw the line in the dust and toss the
gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I
say segregation now, segregation
tomorrow, segregation forever.”
- George Wallace from his first
inaugural address in 1963.
He was a 3 term Governor of Alabama who was ProSegregation policies during the 1960s
George Wallace
• He received national
attention when he stood at
the door of the University of
Alabama in a symbolic
attempts to prevent 2 African
American students from
enrolling at that school.
• (stop video at 4:23)
Lester Maddox
• He was a restaurant owner who
refused to let African Americans into
his restaurant.
• He received national attention when
he was threatening to hit the African
Americans trying to enter his
restaurant with an axe handle.
• Instead of allowing Africans into his
restaurant he sold it.
Bell Ringer 2-10-15
• What did the
Congressional bloc
of Southern
Democrats do?
Martin Luther King Jr.
2-10-14
Martin Luther King Jr.
• Martin Luther King Jr. was born
on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta,
Georgia.
• He was a leader of the Civil
Rights Movement who
promoted nonviolent civil
disobedience and demanded
equal rights for African
Americans including desegretion
The
Protest
in
Birmingham
• MLK plans a protest in Birmingham, AL
– He knows this will provoke a violent
response
– This is the only way to get JFK to support
Civil Rights reform
• The situation in Birmingham was
volatile
– After 8 days, MLK is arrested
• While in prison, MLK writes “Letter From a
Birmingham Jail”
– Imprisoned for 11 days
Letter from Birmingham Jail
• “Letter from Birmingham Jail” – "There are two types of laws,
just and unjust," wrote Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., from jail in
April 16, 1963. "One has a moral responsibility to disobey
unjust laws"
• This was similar to the Declaration of Independence, which
states that a society has the right to abolish the government if
it is not meeting the needs of the people.
“I Have a Dream” Speech
• “I have a Dream” speech –
delivered at the March on
Washington on August 28, 1963;
• It became the mantra for many
involved in the movement because
it quoted the Declaration of
Independence “all men are created
equal…”
MLK Assassinated
• In the spring of 1968, a labor strike by Memphis sanitation workers drew King to
one last crusade.
• On April 3, in what proved to be an eerily prophetic speech, he told supporters,
"I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know
tonight that we, as a people, will get to the promised land."
• On 04/04/1968, while standing on a balcony outside his room
at the Lorraine Motel, Martin Luther King Jr. was struck by a
sniper's bullet.
The Shooter
• The shooter, a malcontent drifter and former convict
named James Earl Ray
• apprehended after a two-month, international
manhunt.
• The killing sparked riots and demonstrations in more
than 100 cities across the country.
• In 1969, Ray pleaded guilty to assassinating
King and was sentenced to 99 years in
prison. He died in prison on April 23, 1998.
Closing Task 2-10-15
• Students are to respond to the following writing
prompt:
–Imagine that you live in a world where people are
separated based on the color of their skin (or the
color of their hair, or their height, etc.). What would
it be like to live in such a world? How might it
change your friendships and/or your family? How
would you feel? How would you respond?
Bell Ringer 2-11-15
• Based on the quote,
what dream is MLK
referring to? Explain
your answer.
2-11-14
Closing Task 2-11-14
• In a group students will create a poster on an
assigned court case. (10 Minutes)
• Students will then participate in a gallery
walk to complete a handout on the civil
rights court cases.
Plessy v. Ferguson(1896)
Plessy v. Ferguson(1896) – The U.S. Supreme Court
ruled that states can constitutionally enact legislation
requiring persons of different races to use “separate
but equal” segregated facilities.
• Example of Effects: Facilities such as bathrooms,
theaters, railroad cars, etc., remained segregated and
often unequal
Brown v. Board of Education
• Brown v. Board of Education – argued by Thurgood
Marshall in 1954, challenged the “separate-but-equal”
philosophy which fostered inadequate educational
systems for African Americans.
• The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in
public schools was prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.
Thurgood Marshall
• Thurgood Marshall- a
distinguished lawyer,
appointed to the U.S.
Supreme Court (1967) and
established a record for
supporting the voiceless
American
Mendez v. Westminster
• Mendez v. Westminster – federal court case that
challenged racial segregation in Orange County,
California schools.
• The District court held that segregating
“Mexican” and “Mexican American” students
into different “Mexican” schools was
unconstitutional (1946).
Mendez V. Westminster
• In 1945,Gonzalo Mendez was not allowed to register
at Westminster Main School, an all white school in
Orange County, California.
• In California there were separate public schools for
Mexican and Latin descent children due to
segregation.
Mendez V. Westminster
The Legal Question??
• Does segregation of Mexican-American children
deny them equal protection under the law?
Outcome of the Case
• Case never reached the U.S. Supreme Court;
California did not have a state law requiring
segregation of Latino children
Hernandez v. Texas
• Hernandez v. Texas – U.S. Supreme Court case
that decided Mexican Americans and other racial
groups had equal protection under the 14th
Amendment (1954).
Hernandez V. Texas
• In 1951, Pete Hernandez commits murder in
Jackson County Texas.
• The all Anglo jury that found Hernandez guilty
and sentenced to life in prison.
Hernandez V. Texas
The Legal Question??
• Was Hernandez denied equal protection under the law
because it was an all Anglo jury even though 14% of the
community was of Mexican descent?
Outcome of the Case
• Justice Earl Warren overturned the conviction (unanimous
decision by U.S. Supreme Court) because the jury was not
representative and excluded Mexicans from serving on the
jury.
Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D.
• Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D. – U.S. Federal District Court case
that decided the separation of Mexican American children
based on national origin was illegal.
• It forced the integration of children in Texas schools, but did
allow separate classes for the first grade only, for language
deficient or non-English speaking students (1948).
Delgado V. Bastrop ISD
• In 1948 in Del Rio Texas, Mexican American
children in various school districts were
segregated into separate schools.
Delgado V. Bastrop ISD
The Legal Question??
• If there is no state law requiring segregation of
Mexican American children and Anglo children does it
violate the equal protection clause?
Outcome of the Case
• This case had little impact because children were still
segregated based on language deficiency.
Edgewood I.S.D. v. Kirby
• Edgewood I.S.D. v. Kirby – a landmark case concerning
public school finance and discrimination against
students in poor school districts.
• This Texas case led to the decision to redistribute
property taxes from wealthy school districts to poorer
ones (1993).
Edgewood ISD V. Kirby
• In 1968 in San Antonio, Texas, Demetrio Rodriguez and other
parents with students in Edgewood I.S.D. argued that the
division of the funds of the different school districts was
unfair.
• Since the division was based on property taxes not all of the
schools received the same amount of money.
Edgewood I.S.D. V. Kirby
The Legal Question??
• Does the dividing of the funding between school
districts violate the Texas Constitution in providing an
efficient system of public schools?
Outcome of the Case
• The Texas Supreme Court ruled in favor of Edgewood
I.S.D. stating that children living in poor districts had a
less access to an equal education.
Sweatt v. Painter
• Sweatt v. Painter – a young African American man was
refused admission to the University of Texas Law School.
• The U.S. Supreme Court said the separation was illegal
because the school was not equal due to the Equal Protection
Clause.
• To reach equality you must consider the quantitative
differences and the intangible factors (1950).
Sweatt v. Painter
• The State of Texas delayed 6 months in order to create a
“separate” law school in Houston for African Americans.
• Later the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Texas Supreme
Court ruling allowing this action.
Wisconsin v. Yoder(1972)
Wisconsin v. Yoder(1972) – The U.S. Supreme Court
decided Amish children could not be placed in
compulsory schools past 8th grade because it violated
the parents’ rights to freedom of religion (Free
Exercise Clause)
Effects of Wisconsin v. Yoder
• Example of Effects: Prohibited states
from claiming absolute right to compel
school attendance beyond the eighth
grade or to intrude in how families raise
their children
White v. Regester (1973)
• White v. Regester (1973) – case in which a
District Court challenged the 1970 Texas
reapportionment of legislative districts.
• The U.S. Supreme Court decided that the
restructuring discriminated against different
groups in various districts
Bell Ringer 2-12-15
• What happened
in the court case
Plessy v.
Ferguson(1896)?
Great Society
• Great Society – set of domestic programs designed to
eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
• This idea was created and enforced by President Lyndon
B. Johnson.
• His programs included equality of opportunity,
enrichment of urban life, restoration of natural beauty,
expansion of education, ending poverty, health care for
the elderly and greater racial equality.
Affirmative Action
• Affirmative Action – refers to the steps taken to
increase the representation of women and minorities
in areas of employment, education, and business from
which they have been historically excluded.
Title IX
• Title IX – "No person in the
United States shall, on the basis
of sex, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the
benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any
education program or activity
receiving Federal financial
assistance..." Title IX is best
known for its impact on high
school and collegiate athletics.
Head Start
• Head Start –provides
early educational
opportunities for
children from low
income families
Federal Housing Authority
• Federal Housing
Authority – improve
housing standards and
conditions; insurance
of mortgages
Upward Bound
• Upward Bound – foster healthy development
of young children from low income families
Eleanor Roosevelt
• Eleanor Roosevelt- First
Lady, appointed by
President Truman as a
delegate to the United
Nations General
Assembly and became
the first chairperson of
the preliminary United
Nations Commission on
Human Rights
Dolores Huerta
• Dolores Huertaadvocate and
lobbyist for
farmworkers'
rights
Closing Task 2-12-15
• Students will create a foldable that describes each of the topics
we discussed today:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
The Great Society
Affirmative Action
Title IX
Head Start
Federal Housing Authority
Upward Bound
Eleanor Roosevelt
Dolores Huerta