Harvard UniversityReal Colegio ComplutenseCenter for
for Barcelona
Geographic Analysis
Institute for
Quantitative Social SciencesReal Colegio Complutense. Harvard
UniversityGeography Dept. Universitat Autònoma de
and Social Wellbeing.
Schools and Services in
Urbanism, Quality of Life
CERDÀ'S Expansion Plan
Barcelona
MONTSERRAT PALLARES-BARBERA
(mpallares@cga.harvard.edu)
March 17, 2011 at 7,30 pm.
structur
• Introduction
• Problem and motivations of the problem
• Objectives
• Literature review
• Case study
• Concluding remarks
Geographic Analkysis.
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arvard University
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quality of life and social wellb
eing
environments• quality of life and the relationship between people and their
everyday urban
• the causes of urban environmental problems are multidimensionalstemming
from the operation of a host of private and public agents,
personal circumstances, and environmental
,
conditions
• multifaceted approaches to address these problems
• variety of scales and dimensions
• quality should be addressed in terms of a hierarchy of approachesexplore
different components of quality of life and identify strategies appropriate to
specific problems and socio-spatial contexts (Pacione, 2003)
• Planning
n
e
e
d
s
t
o
take into account the preferences of civil society(Douglass Mike
and John Friedmann (Eds)(1998)
IQSS. Center for
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Geographic Analkysis.
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Geography
Dept.
Universitat
Geography
DepartmentAutònoma de
BarcelonaUniversitat Autònoma de
Barcelona
the key role of human well being
• developing notions and models concerning
environmental quality and human well-being
Marsmanand Augustinus de Hollander, 2003)(Irene
van Kamp, Kees Leidelmeijer, Gooitskequality of life
in the field of urban development,
– quality of life
IQSS. Center for
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Harvard University
Geography DepartmentGeography Dept.
Universitat Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona
Autònoma de Barcelona
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motivation of the problem:
awareness and concerns
• from politicians:
Record, January 25, 1971to identify such problems before they
destroy our society.” Senator Walter Mondale, Congressional
medical care for tens of millions of our citizens. We by some
significant development. Then, we learn of [various problems]
(…) and of the absence of decent desperately need ways to
monitor our social health and nearly unnoticed until they
suddenly are forced upon us – “Because of our information
gaps, national problems go
Geography DepartmentGeography Dept.
Universitat Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona
Autònoma de Barcelona
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t
Plan
h
cont
this
•i from social organizations:
n – "Everyone has the right to a standard of livingDeclaration of
k Human Rights, Paris 1948, art. 25)sickness, disability, widowhood,
i old age or other lack of clothing, housing and medical care and
n necessary social livelihood in circumstances beyond his control."
g (Universal services, and the right to security in the event of
awareness and concerns
unemployment, health and well-being of himself and of his family,
including food,
APRIL | GENEVA)– “Urban settings have a direct impact on the
healthhealthy 21st century.” (World Health Organization, 2010, 7
who live there. (…) urban planning as a crucial link to building a
• Need to advance – Looking for key masters– analysis of Cerdà´s
adequa te for the
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University
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Analkysis.
of th
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Barcelona
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the key role of the city
of social organization (Le Gale´s, 2002)diminished the
capacity of the nation state to organize • The differentiation
of contemporary social systems has cities and regions
represent possible alternative scales groups and institutions.
Under such fluid conditions, the
to improve the environment (Le Gale´s, 2002)• Cities are
adapting to new conditions and in turn are contributing to the
construction of what is described as of compromise between
social integration, culture, and economic development
combined with the requirement new forms of territorialization
and institutionalization, and
Geography DepartmentGeography Dept.
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Barcelona
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populationkey variable:
concentration of the
more people live in citiesthan in any other
territory in the world (United Nations 2010)• In
the second decade of the twenty century,
but also the highest population densityonly have the
highest population concentration, the total world
population by 2050. Cities will not • The population
in cities will grow to about 70% of
degree of the population’s well-being• Quality of cities
life and urban sustainabilitycrucial points that will and a
characterize the overall degree of liveability in
consid
erable
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will be
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concept of welfare”On wellbeing
and welfare: “On the
• different meanings in common use
instruments• welfare, state of society
and policy
“wellbeing” of society; versus• confusing
“social welfare” –in the sense of
social programmes• “social welfare” –in the
sense of a set of
well-being” (Concise Oxford Dictionary)•
“satisfactory state, health and prosperity,
rvard University
IQSS. Center for
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H
a
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efinitions
and uses
Geography
Dept.
Universitat
Geography
DepartmentAutòn
oma de
BarcelonaUniversitat
Autònoma de Barcelona
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wellbe
it?’ spatial social wellbeing• ‘who gets
welfare and where do they get
context, and it varies with location•
Welfare-wellbeing has a geographical
Knox 1977)• mapping wellbeing (Coates,
Johnston and
• welfare is not a simple concept
– form in which people live
– type of urbanism in a city
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arvard
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externalities and social wellbeing
• Individual location decisions
• Individual wellbeing
Welfare Geography and Economic Geography
• efficient distribution of service-to-people
1976)• location theory (Conkling and
Yeates,
• locational advantage and disadvantage
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arvard
University
Geography Dept. Universitat
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of a demo
Barcelona (1859)• Top-down approach to
urbanism: good plans: the Cerdà Plan for the
Expansion of practices and good tools for
producing urban
(county of Bages) (2010)of governance
(bottom-up): community Urban Plan of the
municipality of Fonollosadecision-making process
involving different groups of agents and goals to
be satisfied: the • Linking top-down approach
with new forms participation in the construction
objectives
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Cerdà and the unbearable urban densit
of Barcelona” (1856): living conditions• “Monograph
about statistics of the working class
• social statistics as action tool
– density
– mortality
• food intake
• family budget
• working conditions
– house dimension-house density
Geography Dept. Universitat
Geography DepartmentAutònoma de
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The Inside-wall city: density in the
Master Research Project. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Geography Department,
IQSS. Center for Source. Canedo Arnedo, M. Geohistòria ambiental de la Barcelona del
segle XIX.
2010.
first floor
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(Monlau in García Fària 1894)(1)“The house
is the coffin of the living human”
Source. Canedo Arnedo, M. Geohistòria ambiental de la Barcelona del segle XIX. Master Research
Project. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Geography Department, 2010.
Geography Dept. Universitat
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(1) García Fària, 1894, p. 26-27.
Autònoma de Barcelona
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Cerdà and the Barcelona of 1859
1859. In the array of streets projected by Ildefons Cerdà•
Cerdà’s urbanization model proposal in the Barcelona of
Cerdà’s urban expansion of Barcelona; • location of
amenities, such as schools and hospitals in
• spatial-optimization models implemented in GIS
using urban patterns• sustainable objectives in land-use
location-allocation
can be both feasible and different from one other• test and
analyze the optimal and suboptimal and generate a number
of compromised spatial solutions that
Geography Dept. Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona
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1958
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topographic map of Barcelona
S
o
urce:
Expansion
Plan of
Barcelona
made by
Cerdà.
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Cerdà’s map of Urban Expansion
IQSS. Center for
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of Bar
Source: Expansion Plan of Barcelona made by Cerdà.
Geo
Autònoma de Ba
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Harvard University
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Source:
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Geography Dept. Universitat
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Cerdà’s map legend
Expansion Plan of Barcelona made by Cerdà
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decis
societyof wellbeing• spatial variations• judging the
desirability of alternative states of • general
wellbeing and even territorial distribution
(economic, social, ideological)influencing individual
wellbeingthat which maximizes wellbeing• the
better – the worst: alternative situations • people
making choices and people constraints • choosing
the ‘best’ of the alternatives would be
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De
pt. Universitat
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on the concept of spatial wellbeing and sp
• urbanism
• population’s well-being
• “Better city, better life” Shanghai 2010
• fulfill population needs
• “appropriate” urban fabric
• structural questions
• well-being of society and social and territorial diagnosis
• needs and provision of public services-to-population
opportunities (Soja, 2010)to achieve a more even
distribution of resources and • Spatial justice emphasizes
the use of better mechanisms
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methodological approaches and tools
• spatial-optimization models
• qualitative methodology
– workshop discussions
– in-depth interviews
– focus group
IQSS. Center for
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of
needs
• best practice guidance
welfare • to ascertain factors in leveling
social
• quality of life
found in contemporary cities• to construct th
future policy initiators now
• To help asking the right questions
concerning urban wellbeing and provision
IQSS. Center for
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• thanks for your attention
mpallares@cga.harvard.edu
Geography Dept. Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona
IQSS. Center for
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Harvard University
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