PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2 – SUMMER 2013
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. ? is the process by which sediment is turned into rock. A.sedimentation B.sedimentology C.hydrology
D.lithification E.orogeny
2. The ? Reaction Series is the crystallization sequence of minerals in an igneous melt. A.Bowen's B.Wegener's
C.Hutton's D.Lyell's E.Darwin's
3. ? is a natural process by which grains are separated according to their size. A.lithification B.hydrolysis
C.hydration D.sorting E.rounding
4. In ?, early-formed crystals are removed from the remaining magma. A.stoping B.faulting C.crystal
fractionation D.metasomatism E.metamorphism
5. ? are boundaries between metamorphic mineral zones. A.facies B.carbonatites C.xenoliths D.isograds
E.placers
6. ? are solid, waxy hydrocarbons that are the major constituents in "oil shales". A.bitumen B.kerogen
C.petroleum D.natural gas E.coal
7. ? are mountain building events. A.typographies B.topographies C.phylogenies D.ontogenies E.orogenies
8. Which one of the following rocks would be formed within the highest metamorphic grade? A.gneiss B.slate
C.schist D.phyllite E.cataclasite
9. ? are holes due to escaping gas bubbles in a magma. A.pyroclasts B.phenocrysts C.vesicles D.porphyries
E.placers
10. ? are economic mineral deposits formed by water concentrating mineral grains. A.pyroclasts B.phenocrysts
C.vesicles D.porphyries E.placers
11. ? rocks are derived from pre-existing rocks through solid state transformation. A.metamorphic
B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of the above rocks are derived from pre-existing rocks through solid state
transformation
12. ? are intrusive igneous structures. A.xenoliths B.placers C.plutons D.phenocrysts E.porphyries
13. ? consist of volcanic rock and lava fragments. A.gabbros B.granites C.diorites D.peridotites E.tephra
14. Almost all rocks within the Earth are A.igneous B.metamorphic C.sedimentary
15. Most of the major coal deposits were formed in ancient A.lakes B.lagoons C.glaciers D.continental shelf
areas E.deltas
16. If chlorite and biotite are formed, metamorphic grade is typically A.low B.medium C.high
17. ? are tabular concordant plutons. A.sills B.dikes C.stocks D.laccoliths E.lopoliths
18. ? refers to the size, shape and arrangement of particles. A.texture B.structure C.all of the above refer to the
size, shape and arrangement of particles E.none of the above refer to the size, shape and arrangement of
particles
19. ? is mostly methane, with small amounts of other hydrocarbon compounds such as propane and butane.
A.petroleum B.oil shale C.natural gas D.tar sand E.all of the above are made from methane, propane and
butane
20. Columnar joints are typically formed in A.schists B.gneisses C.sandstones D.limestones E.basalts
21. A porous and permeable rock that stores hydrocarbons is termed a A.reservoir rock B.trap rock C.all of the
above D.none of the above
22. ? is alteration of rocks at or near a contact with an igneous pluton. A.cataclastic metamorphism B.impact
metamorphism C.thermal metamorphism D.regional metamorphism E.regional burial metamorphism
23. ? textures have microscopic crystals. A.aphanitic B.vesicular C.amygdaloidal D.phaneritic E.pyroclastic
24. The Earth's mantle is probably composed of A.granite B.basalt C.andesite D.diorite E.peridotite
25. Sedimentary rocks are formed A.by consolidating loose sediment B.from the secretions and remains of
organisms C.by chemical precipitation D.all of the above form sedimentary rocks E.none of the above
form sedimentary rocks
26. Clastic rocks are typically classified on the basis of A.grain size B.grain shape C.provenance D.mode of
formation E.amount of diagenetic alteration
27. Jagged, blocky lava is termed ? lava. A.pillow B.pahoehoe C.aa D.all of the above have a jagged, blocky
appearance
28. ? are felsic plutonic igneous rocks with extremely large crystals due to the presence of magmatic water.
A.migmatitites B.mylonites C.amygdaloids D.peridotites E.pegmatites
29. Which process may assist in turning sediment into sedimentary rock? A.crystallization B.cementation
C.compaction D.all of the above assist in turning sediment into sedimentary rock E.none of the above assist
in turning sediment into sedimentary rock
30. ? involves crushing and grinding along fracture zones or faults in rocks. A.cataclastic metamorphism
B.impact metamorphism C.thermal metamorphism D.regional metamorphism E.regional burial
metamorphism
31. ? is produced at mid-oceanic ridges. A.rhyolite B.basalt C.andesite D.all of the above E.none of the
above
32. Which of the following is a felsic rock? A.gabbro B.diorite C.peridotite D.granite E.basalt
33. ? are concordant, mushroom-shaped plutons that dome the country rock above them.
C.stocks D.laccoliths E.lopoliths
A.sills B.dikes
34. Which of the following is a clastic rock? A.limestone B.sandstone C.halite D.gypsum E.coal
35. Plate subduction usually produces ? magmas. A.rhyolite B.basalt C.andesite D.all of the above E.none of
the above
36. Large, bowl-shaped summit depressions in volcanoes are termed A.nuee ardentes B.benioff zones C.dikes
D.calderas E.sills
37. ? rocks typically have the largest crystals. A.extrusive B.intrusive C.both extrusive and intrusive rocks
have equally large crystals
38. ? are massive discordant plutons that cover hundreds of square kilometers. A.sills B.dikes C.stocks
D.laccoliths E.batholiths
39. Particle size usually ? upward in graded beds. A.decreases B.increases
40. ? lava has a smooth, ropy appearance. A.pillow B.pahoehoe C.aa D.all of the above have a smooth, ropy
appearance E.none of the above has a smooth, ropy appearance
41. Sediment may be transported by A.wind B.glacial ice C.water D.all of the above transport sediment
E.none of the above transport sediment
42. Which of the following is the major source of iron ore? A.bog iron deposits B.iron carbonate deposits from
ancient deltas C.banded iron formations D.all of the above are equally important iron deposits E.none of
the above are important iron sources
43. ? lava is formed where magma is extruded under water. A.pillow B.pahoehoe C.aa D.all of the above are
formed by magma extruded under water
44. Kimberlite pipes are the major source of A.hydrocarbons B.silver C.gold D.diamonds E.salt
45. ? are hot glowing clouds of volcanic ash and gas that can rush down slopes of volcanoes at over 100 kms per
hour. A.nuee ardentes B.benioff zones C.dikes D.calderas E.sills
46. Almost all of the rocks found on the Earth's surface are A.igneous B.metamorphic C.sedimentary
47. Texturally mature sediment typically A.has more clay B.becomes more angular through time C.becomes
better sorted D.all of the above are true E.none of the above is true
48. ? often form in playas. A.clastic rocks B.placers C.ironstones D.coal deposits E.evaporites
49. Dikes and sills are typically made from ? magma. A.granitic B.rhyolitic C.basaltic D.peridotitic
E.anorthositic
50. ? are hollow, subspherical structures that form around water-filled pocket by inward-growing crystals.
A.ripple B.geode C.migmatite D.concretion E.nodule
51. Tuffs are made from volcanic A.blocks B.ash C.bombs D.tuffs are made from all of the above material
52. ? have low, flat, broad profiles. A.shield volcanoes B.cinder cones C.composite cones D.all of the above
have low, flat, broad profiles E.none of the above has a low, flat, broad profile
53. The U. S. has about 1.5% of the World's oil reserves and uses about ? percent of the World's oil. A.5 B.10
C.15 D.18 E.22
54. Basalt melts at ? temperature than granite. A.higher B.lower C.basalt and granite melt at the same
temperature
55. Salt domes, basin faults, and oil-bearing "shoestring sands" are most characteristic of oil fields in A.WestCentral and North Texas B.East Texas and the Gulf Coast C.the Panhandle D.West Texas
56. ? rocks are rich in iron and magnesium. A.sialic B.felsic C.mafic D.all of the above are rich in iron and
magnesium E.none of the above is rich in iron and magnesium
57. ? contains large amounts of kerogen. A.petroleum B.oil shale C.natural gas D.tar sand E.all of the above
contain equally large amounts of kerogen
58. ? are tabular discordant plutons. A.sills B.dikes C.stocks D.laccoliths E.batholiths
59. The OPEC countries have about ? percent of the World reserves of oil. A.15 B.25 C.35 D.45 E.60
60. ? are made where lava and tephra are interbedded. A.shield volcanoes B.composite volcanoes C.all of the
above are made of interbedded lava and tephra
61. The most common intrusive igneous rock is A.rhyolite B.basalt C.gabbro D.andesite E.granite
62. ? magma tends to have the greatest explosiveness. A.mafic B.sialic C.all of the above are equally
explosive
63. The source rocks for most of the World's petroleum reserves were formed in ? environments. A.marine
B.nonmarine
64. ? has a glassy texture. A.rhyolite B.andesite C.basalt D.obsidian E.gabbro
65. ? textures have at least two sizes of crystals. A.aphanitic B.phaneritic C.porphyritic D.amygdaloidal
E.vesicular
66. A ? is an irregular, round, flat structure formed by filling voids in sediment. A.ripple B.geode C.migmatite
D.concretion E.nodule