Exam 4 Summary
Chapter 16
1) Know the properties of the different classes of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL,
LDL, IDL, and HDL) Know what types of lipids are carried by each. Know which
class of lipoproteins are derived from which class of lipoproteins.
2) Know how triacylglycerol is absorbed and mobilized from the diet.
3) Understand the role of the LDL receptor in cholesterol delivery to cells.
4) Know the relationship between LDL/HDL levels and cardiovascular disease.
5) Know why triacylglycerols are good for long term energy stores.
6) Know the role of bile salts in fat absorption.
7) Know which class of lipoproteins are involved in the mobilization of dietary fat
and which are involved in the mobilization of endogenously synthesized fat.
8) Know which hormones stimulate fat catabolism.
9) Know how acyl-CoAs are formed.
10) Know how acyl-CoAs are transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria.
11) Know the enzymatic steps of normal -oxidation. Be able to draw the
intermediates of one round of -oxidation, know the co-enzymes and cosubstrates involved in each step.
12) Know the enzymes involved in the b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
13) Know the physiological relevance of ketone bodies. Know the
reactions/enzymes/co-substrates/intermediates/subcellular localization involved in
their synthesis.
14) Know how acetyl-CoA carboxylase is regulated.
15) Know the reactions/enzymes/co-substrates/intermediates of fatty acid synthesis. .
Be able to recognize the intermediates of one round of fatty acid synthesis, know
the co-enzymes and co-substrates involved in each step.
16) Know how the fatty acid synthetic machinery is organized in plants, bacteria and
animals.
17) Know all of the places that fatty acid metabolism is allosterically regulated. Know
the enzymes involved and the corresponding allosteric activators and inhibitors.
18) Know how fatty acid metabolism is regulated by glucagons and insulin.
19) Know the properties of the different classes of eicosanoids. Know which classes
are synthesized through a cyclooxygenase pathway and which are synthesized
through a lipoxygenase pathway.
20) Know how aspirin functions as a COX inhibitor.
21) Know the reactions/enzymes/intermediates/co-substrates/co-factor/structures
involved in the synthesis of IPP from the mevalonate pathway.
22) Know how HMG-CoA reductase is regulated.
23) Know the similarities and differences between IPP synthesis and ketone body
synthesis.
24) Know how HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors work.