Special Committee SC-202
“Portable Electronic Devices”
Call for a
Collaborative Effort
Identifying issues and developing consensus based
recommendations to facilitate use of portable electronic
devices (PEDs) for our mutual customer base.
7/26/2016
What Are Our Objectives
 Collaborate to achieve a clearer understanding of:
 actual PED spurious emissions (as potential sources)
 actual aviation equipment immunity (as potential victims)
 aircraft environment and anticipated passenger use cases
 Evaluate FCC Part 15 and aviation industry emissions limits
with respect to actual product performance
 Develop consensus-based recommendations to:
 Facilitate ubiquitous use of PEDs, T-PEDs on
aircraft by our common customer base
 Explore practical and mutually-beneficial
self-regulation of PED emission compatibility
 Develop a common understanding of the
evolving market for PED use in RF sensitive
environments
2
7/26/2016
Why SC-202 is asking for help
 The FAA requires electronic equipment installed on-board aircraft to:
 Be electromagnetically compatible with other installed equipment (non-interference)
 Function as intended under any foreseeable operating condition (including PED operation)
 Consumer marketing has strong focus on use of PED’s anytime, anywhere: encouraging and
expanding use of PED technologies across markets
 Thus, the overlap between our industries
3
7/26/2016
Avionics Versus FCC Emission Limits
Simplified representation of limits curves
 Aviation industry emission limits are used to avoid interference with communications & navigation systems.
It should be noted, however, that these limits do not address use of PEDs inside the passenger cabin.
 The FCC requires PEDs to meet the Part 15 limits for out-of-band / spurious emissions. It must be noted,
however, that many PEDs perform much better than the Part 15 limits.
 Is it possible to collaboratively define compatible solutions to facilitate ubiquitous use of PEDs on aircraft?
POTENTIAL COMPATIBLE EMISSIONS SOLUTION?
70
Radiated Field Strength (dBuV/m) at 1 m
60
50
40
30
FCC 15.209 (1m)
SC-202 T-PED Limit (1m)
20
10
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (MHz)
4
7/26/2016
What’s Really Happening on Airplanes Today
 Despite Federal regulations,
recommended airline policies and
flight attendant announcements,
SC-202 recognizes that PDAs,
cell phones, and other PEDs are
left in operation when otherwise
prohibited:
 Device left in checked
baggage (therefore
inaccessible)
 Passengers forget to turn off
the device
 Passengers unaware they
have a device with prohibited
functionality
 Passengers deliberately
ignore airline policy to turn off
and stow device
 All contribute to increasing
potential for airplane system
interference
5
7/26/2016
Where We’re Going for the Future
Increasing market potential for consumer electronics devices:
 PEDs increasingly integrated
and multifunctional
 People buying more PEDs
 More people flying
 Increasing interest from
airlines in providing for
passenger use of PEDs:
 Wi-Fi connectivity
 In-seat power
 Onboard cell phone
systems
 Transmitting medical
devices
6
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
AREAS FOR DISCUSSION ON POTENTIAL COMPATIBLE EMISSIONS SOLUTIONS
70
Radiated Field Strength (dBuV/m) at 1 m
60
50
40
30
FCC 15.209 (1m)
SC-202 T-PED Limit (1m)
20
10
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (MHz)
7
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Mobile Phone Transmitting at 1785 MHz
Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 700 MHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO-160E
except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch 2 to 30
MHz. Vertical Polarity, Mobile Phone Set to Maximum Power
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
8
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Mobile Phone Transmitting at 1785 MHz
Intentional & Spurious Emissions 700 MHz to 6 GHz
Vertical Polarity, Mobile Phone Set to
Maximum Power
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
9
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Laptop Computer with 2.4 GHz Wireless
Intentional & Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 6 GHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO160E except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch
2 to 30 MHz. Vertical Polarity, Laptop on Battery Power
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
10
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 6 GHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO160E except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch
2 to 30 MHz. Vertical Polarity, WiFi on
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
11
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Electronic Game
Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 6 GHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO160E except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch 2
to 30 MHz. Vertical Polarity, Playing Game Non-Flt Mode
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
12
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
MP3-type Music Player
Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 6 GHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO-160E
except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch 2 to 30
MHz. Vertical Polarity, Music Playing, with Headphones
Above PED spurious emissions are well below
these aviation limits
13
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
Mobile Phone Transmitting at 813 MHz
Intentional & Spurious Emissions 700 MHz to 6 GHz
Vertical Polarity, Mobile Phone Set to
Maximum Power
Above PED spurious emissions are located
within aircraft radio receiver bands
14
7/26/2016
Why Are We Concerned?
DVD Player
Spurious Emissions 150 kHz to 6 GHz
Boeing D6-16050-4 Limit Plotted – Essentially same as DO-160E
except starts at 150 kHz not 2 MHz and includes a notch 2 to 30
MHz. Vertical Polarity, Movie Playing, with Headphones
Above PED spurious emissions are located
within aircraft radio receiver bands
15
7/26/2016
Revisiting Our Objectives
 Collaborate to achieve a clearer understanding of:
 actual PED spurious emissions (as potential sources)
 actual aviation equipment immunity (as potential victims)
 aircraft environment and anticipated passenger use cases
 Evaluate FCC Part 15 and aviation industry emissions limits
with respect to actual product performance
 Develop consensus-based recommendations to:
 Facilitate ubiquitous use of PEDs, T-PEDs on
aircraft by our common customer base
 Explore practical and mutually-beneficial
self-regulation of PED emission compatibility
 Develop a common understanding of the
evolving market for PED use in RF sensitive
environments
16
7/26/2016
What Are the Benefits?
Qualifying PEDs for use onboard aircraft:
 Adds possible marketing value
to advertised “airplane friendly”
devices
 Gives frequent business
travelers an incentive to
purchase such devices
 Helps to alleviate “multi-mode”
interference
 Makes it easier for airlines to
allow these devices
17
7/26/2016
What Are the Drawbacks?
PEDs qualified for use on aircraft:
 May increase complexity/cost
 Identification of qualified devices
PEDs not qualified for use on
aircraft:
 Passenger use disallowed
 Confusing messages to
passengers on use
X ?
X
X
?
18
7/26/2016
What Do We Need to Do
Proposed Collaborative Plan:
dates TBD
Meetings with PED Mfrs
(teleconferences or other)
Joint meetings with full SC-202
TBD
7/08
10/08
JULY 2008
Draft Consensus Recommendations
Open Review and Comment period
OCT 2008
Final Report Consensus Recommendations to RTCA
19
7/26/2016
7/26/2016
Testing of PEDs Emissions and Impacts
 Worked towards completion of
evaluating PED use on board
civil aircraft
 Emphasis on intentional
transmitters
Cellular technologies
Wireless & RF network
devices
Other wireless devices
such as PDAs
Impact of seats 767-300
RF Behavior 727-100
EMI Testing 12/02
Impact of occupants 727-100
Validate custom antenna 767-300 Evaluate COTS antennas 767-300
Equipment loading 747- 400
BACK
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7/26/2016
RTCA SC-202 Documented Process & Policy Guidelines
 DO-294B
 Defines and recommends a
process by which aircraft operators
and/or manufacturers may assess
the risk of interference due to a
specific T-PED (intentionally
transmitting) technology within any
aircraft type and model.
Neighbor
Airplane
Systems
Airport
Systems
Crew
Devices
Factory
Systems
Onboard
Systems
Passenger
Devices
Figure 5.C-3 Courtesy RTCA DO-294B
BACK
22
7/26/2016
Recommendations to Operators
> Include Flight Attendant Announcements
Figure Courtesy RTCA DO-294B
BACK
23
7/26/2016
Typical U.S. Airplane RF Environment
> Communications and Navigation Systems
 HF Voice / Data Link ……………………………………………………….2 – 30 MHz
 Marker Beacon ………………………………………………………………….75 MHz
 ILS Localizer & VHF Data Broadcast ……………..……………..… 108 – 112 MHz
 Omnirange (VOR) …………………………………………………..…108 – 118 MHz
 VHF Voice Communication ………………………………….............118 – 137 MHz
 Glide Slope ……………………………………………………………..329 – 335 MHz
 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ……………………………962 – 1213 MHz
 Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) ……………………………………….982 MHz
 Mode S and A/C Transponders (Receiver) ……………………………….1030 MHz
 TCAS Interrogator (Receiver) ………………………………………………1090 MHz
 GNSS L5/E5…………………………………………….………………1164-1215MHz
 SATCOM …………………………………………………………….1530 – 1559 MHz
 GNSS L1……………………………………………………………..1559 – 1610 MHz
 Radio Altimeter ……………………………………………………...4200 – 4400 MHz
 Microwave Landing System (MLS) ……………………………….5030 – 5090 MHz
 Weather Radar ……………………………………………………...5350 – 5470 MHz
BACK
24
7/26/2016
RF Inside the Airplane:
> How PED emissions may interfere with Airplane Systems
 Airplane systems
may be vulnerable
to emissions from
PEDs and T-PEDs
 Front Door
1. DIRECT
ILLUMINATION
OF UNIT
( BACK DOOR )
3. 3.
COUPLING
COUPLING
TOTO
RECEIVER
RECEIVER
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
( FRONT
( FRONT
DOOR
DOOR
) )
Emitting
device
unit
 Back Door
2. COUPLING TO UNIT
INPUTSTHROUGH WIRING
( BACK DOOR )
unit
nav/com
receiver
BACK
25
7/26/2016
FAA Regulation
 Title 14 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (14 CFR) part 91, section
91.21
 Prohibits the operation of portable
electronic devices (PEDs) aboard
U.S.-registered civil aircraft while
operating under instrumental flight
rules (IFR)
 FAA Advisory Circular No: 91-21.1B
provides guidance for compliance with
14CFR91.21.
 The rules permit use of PEDs and
other devices that the operator of
the aircraft has determined will not
interfere with the safe operation of
that aircraft.
NEXT
BACK
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7/26/2016
FCC Regulation
 Section 22.925
 Prohibits airborne use of 800 MHz cellular telephones on both
commercial and private aircraft
 Section 90.423
 Restricts use of Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) handsets in certain
circumstances while airborne
PREV
BACK
27
7/26/2016
Testing of PEDs Emissions and Impacts
 Worked towards completion of
evaluating PED use on board
civil aircraft
 Emphasis on intentional
transmitters
Cellular technologies
Wireless & RF network
devices
Other wireless devices
such as PDAs
Impact of seats 767-300
RF Behavior 727-100
EMI Testing 12/02
Impact of occupants 727-100
Validate custom antenna 767-300 Evaluate COTS antennas 767-300
Equipment loading 747- 400
BACK
28
7/26/2016