Collaboration Among Local
Governments:
Service Delivery and Energy Policy
Richard C. Feiock
Askew School of Public Administration and
Policy
Florida State University
Three Projects That Overlap with the
Collins Institute Study
• Survey of Local Government Service Delivery
Arrangements in Florida
• Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental
Relations
• Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Study
• FSU Institute for Energy Systems Sustainability
• Local Government Energy Innovation and
Collaboration in Response to ARRA
• National Science Foundation
LCIR Survey of Local Government
Service Arrangements in Florida
• Conducted by LCIR in Summer of 2009
• Assisted by Collins Institute and FLC
• Provision responsibility and Production
Arrangements for 25 services
» Responses from 101 municipal governments
» Responses from 20 Counties
» Lots of incomplete responses
• Service Categories correspond to the AFR
expenditure categories
What entity or entities produce each service?
(check all that apply)
This
City
The
Other Special
RPC
County City District
MPO
Private Not
State
for
for
N
Profit Profit
Comp Planning
86.0%
(80)
15.1%
(14)
1.1%
(1)
3.2%
(3)
5.4%
(5)
3.2%
(3)
2.2%
(2)
6.5%
(6)
0.0%
(0)
93
Law Enforcement
76.0%
(73)
35.4%
(34)
4.2%
(4)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
2.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
96
Fire Control
77.1%
(74)
26.0% 10.4%
(25)
(10)
2.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
96
Protective 69.3%
Inspections (61)
34.1%
(30)
6.8%
(6)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
2.3%
(2)
2.3%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
88
34.0%
(32)
62.8%
(59)
6.4%
(6)
2.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
9.6%
(9)
1.1%
(1)
94
Electric
7.7%
2.2%
2.2% (2)
(7)
(2)
0.0%
(0)
1.1%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
86.8% 3.3%
(79)
(3)
91
Gas
18.4%
0.0%
2.3% (2)
(16)
(0)
1.1%
(1)
1.1%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
75.9% 2.3%
(66)
(2)
87
72.0%
(67)
4.3%
(4)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
1.1%
(1)
6.5%
(6)
93
Ambulance/Rescue
Water
16.1% 11.8%
(15)
(11)
0.0%
(0)
This
City
The
Other Special
RPC
County City District
MPO
Private Not
State
for
for
N
Profit Profit
52.2%
1.1%
6.5% (6)
(48)
(1)
1.1%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
1.1%
(1)
48.9% 1.1%
(45)
(1)
92
80.5%
(66)
13.4%
(11)
7.3%
(6)
3.7%
(3)
1.2%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
1.2%
(1)
3.7%
(3)
1.2%
(1)
82
Water/Sewer 80.9%
Combination (55)
10.3%
(7)
7.4%
(5)
0.0%
(0)
1.5%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
1.5%
(1)
4.4%
(3)
0.0%
(0)
68
77.0%
(57)
17.6%
(13)
1.4%
(1)
12.2%
(9)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
8.1%
(6)
1.4%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
74
Road/Street 91.5%
Facilities (86)
25.5%
(24)
1.1%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
1.1%
(1)
3.2%
(3)
13.8%
(13)
2.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
94
Solid Waste
Sewer
Flood Control
Airports
12.8%
(10)
56.4% 16.7%
(44)
(13)
5.1%
(4)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
1.3%
(1)
11.5% 0.0%
(9)
(0)
78
Transit Systems
8.5%
(6)
77.5%
(55)
2.8%
(2)
8.5%
(6)
0.0%
(0)
1.4%
(1)
2.8%
(2)
9.9%
(7)
4.2%
(3)
71
Parking/Other 52.7%
Transport (29)
45.5%
(25)
1.8%
(1)
3.6%
(2)
1.8%
(1)
1.8%
(1)
0.0%
(0)
3.6%
(2)
5.5%
(3)
55
Employment 49.3%
Opportunity/Dev. (34)
50.7%
(35)
1.4%
(1)
2.9%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
13.0%
(9)
2.9%
(2)
10.1
% (7)
69
The
Other Special
RPC
County City District
MPO
Private Not
State
for
for
N
Profit Profit
Downtown/Indust. 79.7%
Dev./Improv. (51)
25.0%
(16)
1.6%
(1)
3.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
3.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
6.3%
(4)
64
Housing/Urban 40.0%
Development (26)
58.5%
(38)
1.5%
(1)
3.1%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
9.2%
(6)
3.1%
(2)
6.2%
(4)
65
8.2%
(6)
72.6%
(53)
2.7%
(2)
2.7%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
15.1% 15.1% 12.3
(11)
(11) % (9)
73
1.5%
Mental Health
(1)
64.7%
(44)
1.5%
(1)
4.4%
(3)
0.0%
(0)
1.5%
(1)
20.6% 16.2%
(14)
(11)
17.6
%
(12)
68
Welfare
4.2%
(3)
57.7%
(41)
2.8%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
36.6%
(26)
5.6% 11.3%
(4)
(8)
71
Libraries
35.2%
(31)
65.9%
(58)
4.5%
(4)
2.3%
(2)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
3.4%
(3)
88
Parks/Recreation
95.5%
(85)
21.3%
(19)
2.2%
(2)
3.4%
(3)
0.0%
(0)
0.0%
(0)
3.4%
(3)
1.1%
(1)
2.2%
(2)
This
City
Health
Energy Sustainable Florida
Communities - IESES
• Measure Local Sustainability
• Dimensions of sustainability
• Incorporate energy sustainability
• Construct an index of sustainability
• Implementation of Florida Energy Act of 2007
• Voluntary responses
• Mandates
• Policy Innovation in Sustainable Energy
Energy Sustainable Florida Communities
LOCAL GOVENMENTS & ENERGY SUSTAINABILTY
MEASURING ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
RESEARCH APPROACH
A index of energy sustainability that measures local government
activity in the following dimensions:
•
Energy & Climate Policy
•
Comprehensive Plans & State and Federal Policy
•
Zoning Regulations Subdivision Regulations and Permitting
•
Land Use and Open Space
•
Housing and Green Building
•
Transportation
•
Economic Development
•
Energy Cost Reduction by Government
•
Organization and Intergovernmental Relations
•
Investing in Energy & Climate Change Competencies
Multi-Level Analysis
Energy Sustainable Florida Communities Survey
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Energy Implementation by Local Government
What explains variation among local governments’
implementation of the Florida Energy Bill?
What role do local governments play in fostering energy
efficiency, conservation and renewable energy?
Adoption and Diffusion of Energy Policy Innovation
How do community economic and environmental conditions
influence innovation?
To what extent do local governments collaborate on energy and
climate protection?
How do neighboring government Initiatives influence innovation?
A survey of local government planners and chief executive
officers in Florida counties and in all cities with population
>5,000
PROGRESS TO DATE
Literature Review Essay
Survey Instrument Pretesting and Review for Validity & Reliability
Focus Group of Local planners
External Reviews by Academics and Professionals
Conference Presentations
NSF Proposals for National Level Project
funded: Role of local governments in energy tech transfer
pending: Network Analysis of energy policy diffusion
Energy Policy, Collaboration and
Economic Development - NSF
• Can Local Governments Create Economic
Development through Energy Innovation?
• How is ARRA Influencing Local Government
Partnership, Collaboration and Innovation in
Energy and Conservation?
» Smart grids, renewable energy, energy conservation. etc.
• What is the Role of Local Governments in the
“New Energy Economy”?
National Study Focus
• Participation in ARRA Energy Programs
• Energy and Climate Policy Innovations
• Links between Energy and Climate Policy and
Local Economic Development
• Technology Transfer
• Intergovernmental and Inter-organizational
Collaborations
Stage 1: National Survey
• 128 Metropolitan Areas w/pop <350,000
• All counties and cities w/pop <25,000 (950)
• Baseline Data
• Local capacity
• Degree of inter-organiziational information sharing
• Existing and new partnerships and collaborations
• Adoption of Innovation
Stage 2: Map and Analyze Collaboration
Networks in Energy Policy
• Three Metropolitan Areas
• Jacksonville
• Miami
• Tampa
• Network Linkages
• Communication (advise and information)
• Affiliations
• Agreements
• What network structure is most useful for solving various
types of problems
• Information Issues
• Commitment Issues
Descriptive Analysis
Links To Collins Institute Work
• LCIR Survey - follow-ups
• Targeted follow-ups with a shortened survey
• Link provision and production arrangements to the expenditure
data
• IESES Sustainable Florida
• Link sustainability and fiscal capacity
• Link energy/climate policy to environmental, growth management
and economic development policies
• NSF Survey Pre-Test
• Florida local governments not in the national sample will be used
to pretest the instrument
• Create a FL data base
• Link to economic development
» “green” incentives on growth of clean energy sector
Future Work
• Links between Energy Innovation, Networks
and Economic Development
• Development & Environmental Tradeoffs
• w/Portney
• Network Multiplexity
• Energy
• Land Use
• Economic Development