Biology Slide 1 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Slide 2 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms What Is a Roundworm? What Is a Roundworm? Most species of roundworms are free-living, inhabiting soil, salt flats, aquatic sediments, and water, from polar regions to the tropics. Others are parasitic and live in hosts. Slide 3 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms What Is a Roundworm? Roundworms are unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings—a mouth and an anus. Slide 4 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms What Is a Roundworm? This cavity is partially lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm and is called a pseudocoelom, meaning, “false coelom.” Slide 5 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms What Is a Roundworm? Roundworms have a digestive tract with two openings. Food moves in one direction through the digestive tract of roundworms. Any food that is not digested leaves the body through the anus. Slide 6 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Form and Function in Roundworms Feeding Many free-living roundworms use grasping mouthparts and spines to catch and eat other small animals. Slide 7 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Form and Function in Roundworms Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion Roundworms exchange gases and excrete metabolic waste through their body walls. They depend on diffusion to carry nutrients and waste through their bodies. Slide 8 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Form and Function in Roundworms Movement Fluid in the pseudocoelom and muscles extending the length of their bodies function as a hydrostatic skeleton. Aquatic roundworms contract muscles to move like snakes through the water. Soil-dwelling roundworms push their way through the soil by thrashing around. Slide 9 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Form and Function in Roundworms Reproduction Roundworms reproduce sexually. Most species have separate sexes. Parasitic roundworms often have life cycles that involve two or three different hosts or several organs within a single host. Slide 10 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Human Ascarid Reproduction Slide 11 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Roundworms and Human Disease Parasitic roundworms include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, ascarid worms, and hookworms. Slide 12 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Trichinosis-Causing Worms Adult Trichinella worms live and mate in the intestines of their hosts. Larvae travel through the bloodstream and burrow into organs and tissues. Encysted juveniles Muscle tissue 50 µm Slide 13 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Trichinella completes its life cycle only when another animal eats muscle tissue containing these cysts. Humans can get trichinosis by eating raw or incompletely cooked pork. Slide 14 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Filarial Worms Filarial worms are threadlike worms that live in the blood and lymph vessels of birds and mammals. They are transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes Elephantiasis Slide 15 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascarid Worms Ascaris lumbricoides is a serious parasite of humans and many other vertebrate animals. It absorbs digested food from the host’s small intestine. Slide 16 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascaris Life Cycle 1 Human ingests food or water containing Ascaris eggs. Slide 17 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascaris Life Cycle 2 The eggs travel to the small intestine and develop into larvae. Slide 18 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascaris Life Cycle 3 Larvae enter blood vessels and are carried to the lungs Slide 19 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascaris Life Cycle 4 Larvae are coughed up and swallowed. They then travel to the small intestine where they develop to maturity Slide 20 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Ascaris Life Cycle 5 Eggs are released and leave the host in faces. Slide 21 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Ascarids Ascarids taken from children of one village. Slide 22 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Heartworm Slide 23 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Hookworms Hookworm eggs hatch and develop in the soil. They use sharp toothlike plates and hooks to burrow into the skin and enter the bloodstream. Slide 24 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Roundworms and Human Disease Hookworms travel through the blood of their host to the lungs and down to the intestines. There, they suck the host’s blood, causing weakness and poor growth. Slide 25 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Roundworms Rare Nematode Attacks! Gigantus wormius Slide 26 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 27–2 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 27 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27–2 In roundworms, the body cavity that forms between the endoderm and mesoderm is the a. ganglion. b. hydrostatic skeleton. c. pseudocoelom. d. coelom. Slide 28 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27–2 All of the following are parasitic roundworms EXCEPT a. tapeworms b. filarial worms c. hookworms d. ascarid worms Slide 29 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27–2 Characteristics of roundworms include a digestive system with a. one opening and a pseudocoelom. b. one opening but no pseudocoelom. c. two openings and a pseudocoelom. d. two openings but no pseudocoelom. Slide 30 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27–2 Gas exchange and excretion of metabolic wastes in roundworms occurs a. via a complex system of alveoli. b. through their body walls by diffusion. c. through excretory tubules. d. by flame cells. Slide 31 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 27–2 The roundworms called ascarids cause harm by a. causing serious body swelling. b. burrowing into body tissues and causing pain. c. causing malnutrition. d. causing internal bleeding. Slide 32 of 33 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION