Pine Jog Environmental Education Center College of Education Florida Atlantic University COURSE NUMBER: SCE 6644 COURSE TITLE: Trends and Issues in Environmental Education INSTRUCTOR & E-MAIL: Dr. . . . . . .@fau.edu CATALOG DESCRIPTION: 3 semester hours of credit Prerequisite Course: SCE 6345 Emphasis is on examination and analysis of the trends and issues impacting and shaping the field of environmental education and the role of environmental education in today’s school curriculum through readings in current research and seminal literature. COURSE CONNECTION TO CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: As reflective decision-makers, students will make informed decisions, exhibit ethical behavior, and provide evidence of being capable professionals by documenting and presenting knowledge, skills, and dispositions that demonstrate emergent trends and issues in environmental education curriculum. REQUIRED READINGS (Environmental Education) Bowers, C.A. (2005). Educating for a sustainable future: Mediating between the commons and economic globalization. Available at: http://www.c-a-bowers.com/ Elder, J. (2003). A field guide to environmental literacy: Making strategic investments in environmental education. Environmental Education Coalition. Gruenewald, D. (2003). The best of both worlds: A critical pedagogy of place. Educational Researcher, 32(4) 3-12. Guidelines for the preparation and professional development of environmental educators. (2004). North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). Holsman, R. (Winter, 2001). The politics of environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(2), 6-11. Krajcik, J., Czerniak, C., & Berger, C. (2003). Teaching science in elementary and middle school classrooms. Chapter 2. How do children construct understanding in science? pp. 36-75. Sanera, M., & Shaw, J. (1996). Facts not fear: A parent’s guide to teaching children about the environment. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, Inc. Sobel, D. (2005). Place-based education. The Orion Society. 1 SUGGESTED READINGS (Environmental Education) Heimlich, J. (Ed.). (2002). Environmental education: A resource handbook. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. McKenzie-Mohr, D. (1999). Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada: New Society Publishers. Ohana, C., Zerry, M., Mayes, V., etal. (Eds.). Science & children. (2005, Summer). Simmons, D. (Prep.). (1995). Papers on the development of environmental education standards. North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). WestEd. (2004). What’s fair got to do with it: Diversity cases from environmental educators. North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). REQUIRED SPECIFIC INTERNET SITES (Environmental Education) Environment-based education: Creating high performance schools and students (September, 2000). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation http://www.neetf.org/pubs/NEETF8400.pdf. (Note: Check site for recent pubs). Kamena, K. (2006). What role for business? Property and Environment Research Center (PERC). http://www.perc.org.php?id=737. Kwong, J. (2006). Should action be a goal? Yes. Property and Environment Research Center (PERC). http://www.perc.org.php?id=735. McKenzie-Mohr, D. (1999). Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. Gabriola Island, B.C., Canada: New Society Publishers. http://www.cbsm.com. (Note: Entry into this site requires a password). Sanera, M. (2006). Assuring fairness and accuracy. Property and Environment Research Center (PERC). http://www.perc.org.php?id=738. Understanding environmental literacy in America: And making it a reality. Three-year report 2002/2003/2004. (2005). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF). http://www.neetf.org/pubs/ELR2005.pdf. Wilke, R. (2006). Should action be a goal? No. Property and Environment Research Center (PERC). http://www.perc.org.php?id-736. SUGGESTED INTERNET SITES (Environmental Education) Environmental Education. http://www.classroomearth.org http://www.eelink.net http://www.FUNDEE.org http://www.TheEEWorks.org http://www.education.noaa.gov http://www.epa.gov http://www.naee.org http://www/neetf.org Environmental Issues. http://www.earthshare.org http://www.envirolink.ort http://www.wise.berkeley.edu Environment as an Integrating Context for Learning. http://www.seer.org Sustainability Education. http://www.sustainabilityed.org http://www.secondnature.org http://www.urbanoptions.org 2 SUGGESTED INTERNET SITES (Curriculum and Instruction) A Nation at Risk. (1983). Twenty years after A Nation at Risk. (2003). http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/intro.html http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/findings.html http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0422/p13s02-lepr.htm Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). FCAT Facts. History of FCAT. http://www.firn.edu/doe/sas/fcat/pdf/fcatfact.pdf http://www.fldoe.org/meetings/June02/History_of_the_FCAT.pdf Florida Department of Education (2003). Sunshine State Standards. Workforce Education. http://www.firn.edu/doe/curric/prek12/frame2.htm Florida’s Applied Technology Curriculum Planning Companion. http://www.firn.edu/doe/workforce/titlehtm Greene, J. (February, 2001). Manhattan Institute for Policy Research (MI). An Evaluation of the Florida A-Plus Accountability and School Choice Program. http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_aplus.htm National Center for Educational Statistics (2004). National Assessment of Educational Programs (NAEP). Nation’s Report Card. http://www.nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/about/ National Council on Teacher Quality (2004). National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). http://www.nctq.org/nctq/ No Child Left Behind (NCLB). http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml The College Board (2004). Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). American College Test (ACT). http://search.collegeboard.com/cgi-bin/query?mss=cb&kl=XX&i-... Traub, J. (1999). Better by design? A consumer’s guide to schoolwide reform. http://www.edexcellence.net/library/bbd/better_by_design.html Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Curriculum Study. Results. International Center for Education Statistics. International Education Indictors. http://nces.ed.gov/timss/curriculum.asp http://nces.ed.gov/timss/results.asp http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/IntlIndicators/ Workplace essential skills: Resources related to the SCANS competencies and foundation skills (2000). Research and Evaluation Report series 00-B. http://wdr.doleta.gov/opr/fulltext/00-wes.pdf GUIDELINES USED TO DEVELOP COURSE OBJECTIVES: Florida Educator Accomplished Practices (EAP) NCATE Recommendations for Technology (NCATE, Technology) 3 COURSE OBJECTIVES (OBJ): 1. Develop a working definition of environmental education to serve as a contextual framework for identifying, analyzing and evaluating effective current, historical and theoretical trends in environmental education offered through school-based curriculum and instruction (EAP 2, 4, 8). 2. Survey environmental education literature, research and legislation that impact current and changing practices in the field of environmental education curriculum and instruction at the national, state and local levels (EAP 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12). 3. Demonstrate a working knowledge of major criteria and specific determinants significant to identifying possible future directions in environmental education including significant linkages to related emerging fields like social marketing and sustainability (EAP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10). 4. Discuss perspectives from a variety of national organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation, as well as professional associations like NAAEE, ASCD, NSTA (EAP 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10). 5. Analyze current trends in the use and design of educational technology and its impact on the teaching/learning process in environmental education (EAP 2, 4, 8, 10, 12) (NCATE-Technology 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13). CONTENT OUTLINE: Week(s) Topic: Assignment 1 Overview, Introductions, Course Requirements: Discussion: Resources available through the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation. Summary vs. reflection vs. position vs. critique vs. essay: Summary - Abstract or reduction of content Reflection - Bearing on or influencing result Position Paper - Proposition or thesis Critique – Critical estimate or careful judgment Essay - Analytical or interpretive stand on a question Assignment: Write a summary of the website Environment-Based Education: Creating High Performance Schools and Students at http://www.neetf.org/pubs/NEETF8400.pdf 2 The Status of America’s Environmental Literacy I: Review research studies and reports from the NEETF. Introduce readings on the concept of children constructing understanding from Krajcik, Czerniak, & Berger (2003). How do children construct understanding in science? Assignment Due: Submit summary of the website Environment-Based Education: Creating High Performance Schools and Students. Assignment: Write a summary of the website Understanding environmental literacy in America: And making it a reality at http://www.neetf.org/pubs/ELR2005.pdf. 4 3 The Status of America’s Environmental Literacy, II: Assignment Due: Submit a summary of Understanding Environmental Literacy in America: And making it a Reality. Assignment: Submit a reflection paper on the controversy of teaching environmental issues based on the Kamena and Sanera websites at http://www.perc.org.php?id=737 and http://www.perc.org.php?id=738. 4 So, You Want to Teach Environmental Issues: Assignment Due: Submit a reflection paper on the controversy of teaching environmental issues based on Kamena and Sanera websites. Assignment: Be prepared to debate the pros and cons, as well as submit a position paper based on the Kwong and Wilke websites at http://www.perc.org.php?id=735 and http://www.perc.org.php?id=736. 5 Role of Action-Taking in Environmental Education: Assignment Due: Debate the pros and cons, as well as submit a position paper based on the Kwong and Wilke websites. Assignment: Read Sobel’s Place-Based Education (2005) in The Orion Society, and be prepared to discuss the concept of place-based education, including a variety of ways in which educational institutions use it to further their environmental education missions. 6 Environmental and Place-Based Education I: Assignment Due: Refer to Sobel’s Place-Based Education (2005) in The Orion Society, and discuss the concept of place-based education, including a variety of ways in which educational institutions use it to further their environmental education missions. Assignment: Referring to Sobel’s Place-Based Education (2005) in The Orion Society, draft a summary describing the fundamental tenets of place-based education. 7 Environmental and Place-Based Education II: Assignment Due: Bring to class and be prepared to discuss your drafted summary of Sobel’s Place-based education (2005) in The Orion Society. Assignment: Referring to Elder’s Field Guide to Environmental Literacy: Making Strategic Investments in Environmental Education (2003) in the Environmental Education Coalition, draft a second summary comparing and contrasting Elder’s and Sobel’s concepts of place-based education. 8 Strategic Investments in Environmental Education I: Assignment Due: Bring to class and be prepared to discuss your drafted summary of Elder’s Field Guide to Environmental Literacy: Making Strategic Investments in Environmental Education (2003) in the Environmental Education Coalition. Assignment: Referring to the McKenzie-Mohr website at http://www.cbsm.com (password req), draft a third summary comparing and contrasting concepts from Sobel and Elder with McKenzie-Mohr. 5 9 Strategic Investments in Environmental Education II: Assignment Due: Bring to class and be prepared to discuss your drafted summary comparing and contrasting concepts from the McKenzie-Mohr, Sobel and Elder websites regarding place-based eduction. Assignment: Review the websites, journal articles and chapters pertaining to sustainability and social marketing that are listed under the Suggested Reading headers on page 2. Critique a minimum of 6 suggested websites, as well as 4 suggested or self-selected journal articles or chapters. 10 Beyond Environmental Education and Related Emerging Fields I: What is sustainability education? Social marketing? How do these concepts relate to environmental education? How does environmental education differ from interpretation and service learning? Assignment Due: Begin discussion pertaining to sustainability and social marketing based on critiques of 6 suggested websites and 4 suggested or self-selected journal articles or chapters. Assignment: Pull it all together (Sobel, Elder & McK-Mohr) in a position paper based on the concept of place-based education as a new paradigm. 11 Beyond Environmental Educational and Related Emerging Fields II/Diversity*: Continue discussion on suggested websites and readings, as well as self-selected journal articles or chapters. Re-visit McKenzie-Mohr, et al. Assignment Due: Bring to class and debate your position paper based on the concept of place-based education as a new paradigm referring to readings and summaries from Sobel, Elder & McKenzie-Mohr. Assignment: Write a reflection paper delves into criticism of environmental education, based Holsman’s Politics of Environmental Education (Winter, 2001) in the Journal of Environmental Education and Sanera’s & Shaw’s Facts not Fear: A Parent’s Guide to Teaching Children about Environment (1996) Regnery Publishing. OR Submit a reflection paper that discusses criticism of environmental education based on Bowers’ Educating for a sustainable future. . . . (2005) at http://www.c-a-bowers.com/ and Gruenewald’s the Best of both worlds. . . . (2003) in Educational Researcher, 32(4) 3-12. 12 Critics of Environmental Education (Outside and In): Assignments Due: Submit reflection paper that discusses criticism of environmental education based on Holsman’s Politics of Environmental Education (Winter, 2001) and Sanera’s and Shaw’s Facts not Fear. . . (1996) OR a reflection paper on Bower’s Educating for a sustainable future . . . (2005) and Gruenewald’s the Best of both worlds . . . (2003). 6 Assignments: (1) Review and be prepared to discuss Guidelines for the Preparation and Professional Development of Environmental Educators (2004) in North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE. (2) Conduct an internet search of environmental education certification plans in at least six states, including Utah, Texas, Kentucky, your home state or wherever you may work after graduation. 13 A National Move Toward Environmental Education Certification I: Assignments Due: Discuss Guidelines for the Preparation and Professional Development of Environmental Educators (2004); as well as results from individual internet searches of environmental education certification plans in a minimum of six states. Assignment: Essay that compares and contrasts environmental education certification plans in at least six states, as well as answers the questions: What is the status of environmental education in your chosen state? 14 Thanksgiving Holiday - No Class 15 A National Move Toward Environmental Education Certification II: Assignment Due: Discuss and submit an essay that answers the question: What is the status of environmental education in your chosen state? Assignment: Complete your research paper and preparation for interactive Power Point presentation of current research in your specific environmental education field of interest. 16 Research Paper and Interactive Presentation: Assignment Due: Submit research paper and interactive Power Point presentation of current research in your specific environmental education field of interest. SPOT: Student Perception of Teaching 7 COURSE REQUIREMENTS: C-F = Conceptual Framework connection to assignment 1. Summaries of Websites, Journal Articles and Chapters (1-2 pages each): (C-F: Students gain information to become an informed reflective decisionmakers, including knowledge of concepts regarding emergent trends in curriculum development, implementation, evaluation and reform.) Environment-Based Education: Creating . . . NEETF site: Due Week 2 5 pts Understanding Enviro Literacy in Amer . . . NEETF site: Due Week 3 5 pts Sobel’s Place-Based Education: Due Week 7 5 pts Elder’s Field Guide to Environmental Education . . .: Due Week 8 5 pts McKenzie-Mohr site: Due Week 9 5 pts 2. Reflection Papers, Position Papers, and Essay (2-4 pages each): (C-F: As reflective decision-makers, students identify, analyze, and express in appropriate essay format significant relevant concepts in curriculum.) Reflection paper based on Kamena and Sanera sites: Due Week 4 5 pts Position paper based on Kwong and Wilke sites: Due Week 5 5 pts Position paper based on McK-M, Sobel & Elder readings: Due Wk 11 5 pts Reflection paper on Holsman reading: Due Week 12 5 pts Essay on status of environmental education in your state: Due Wk 15 5 pts 3. Discussions: (C-F: As reflective decision-makers, students demonstrate appropriate collaborative presentation delivery techniques to initiate critical debate and thoughtful discussion of factual content while continuing to maintain decorum and displaying ethical behavior and respect for differing perspectives.) Discussion on Beyond Environmental Education and Related Fields I & II: Due Weeks 10 & 11 5 pts Discussion on A National Move Toward Environmental Education Certification I & II: Due Weeks 13 & 15 5 pts 4. Final Presentation and Research Project (Rules of Grammar Observed): (C-F: As reflective decision-makers, students select, present and prepare in appropriate written format for submission, relevant research findings in environmental education curriculum at the national, state & local levels.) Written research paper (APA format) and interactive presentation: Due Week 16 Abstract 3 pts Review of six Suggested Websites and four Suggested Readings 20 pts Conclusions 5 pts Next Steps 5 pts Internal Citations and Reference List 2 pts Interactive Presentation of Specific Component of Research Project 5 pts 8 VISUAL/TECHNOLOGY: E-Mail, Inspiration, Power Point, Projectors, Laser Disks, VCR, CD-ROM, DVD APA Style Web Sites: http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPA.html http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wwrorkshop/bibliography/apa/apamenu.htm http://www.apastyle.org/fifthchanges.html TEACHING METHODOLOGIES: Role Play and Modeling Research and Simulation Internet Communication (E-mail, Websites) Inter-Active Lectures and Class Discussions Individual and Small Group Class Presentations ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES: Chapter Analyses and Discussions Website Reviews and Presentations Field Experiences and Interviews Interactive Presentations Research Paper FAU GRADE POINT AVERAGE: A 4.00 B+ 3.33 B- 2.67 A- 3.67 B 3.00 C+ 2.33 C 2.00 C- 1.67 D+ 1.33 D 1.00 D- 0.76 F 0.00 SCE 6644 GRADING SCALE: A 97-100 B+ 89-92 B- 84-87 A- 93-96 B 85-88 C+ 80-83 C 76-79 C- 72-75 D+ 68-71 D 64-67 D- 60-63 F <63 ATTENDANCE POLICY: According to University policy Students are expected to attend all of their scheduled University Classes and to satisfy all academic objectives as outlined by the instructor. Attendance includes meaningful active participation in all class sessions, discussions, and activities as well as continuous professional and ethical conduct in class. Reasonable accommodations are made for religious observances, health problems, or death in the immediate family. Unexcused absences will result in loss of letter(s) grade(s) and must be discussed with instructor. Documentation must be provided for excused absences. STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (A.D.A.) – Students who require special accommodations due to disability to properly execute coursework must register with the Office for Students with Disabilities (OSD) located in Boca – SU 133 (561-2973880), Davie – MOD I (954-236-1222), or in Jupiter - SR 117 (561-799-8585) and follow all OSD procedures. Special Note: Due to the evolving nature of environmental education, content on this syllabus is subject to change with appropriate notice. 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY (Environmental Education) I. Books: Armstrong, S., & Botzler, R. (Eds.). (2003). Environmental ethics: Divergence and convergence 3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Beegel, S., Shillinglaw, W., & Tiffney, W., Jr. (Eds.). (1997). Steinbeck and the environment: Interdisciplinary approaches. Tuscaloosa: Univ of Alabama Press. Blatt, H. (2005). (NetLibrary 2005). America’s environment report card: Are we making the grade? Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Bonnes, M., Lee, T., & Bonaiuto, M. (Eds.). (2003). Psychological theories for environmental issues. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Boylan, M. (2001). Environmental ethics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Collett, J., & Karakashian, S. (Eds.). (1996). Greening the college curriculum: A guide to environmental teaching in the liberal arts: A project of the Rainforest Alliance. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Ebenezer, J., & Lau, E. (2003). (NetLibrary 2003). Science on the internet: A resource for K-12 teachers (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill. Hawkins, D. (1974). (NetLibrary 2003). The informed vision: Essays on learning and human nature. New York: Agathon Press. Hungerford, H., Blum, W., Vokk, T., & Ramsey, J. (Eds.). (1998). Essential readings in ` environmental education. Champagne, IL: Stipes Publishing. Hungerford, H., Litherland, R., Peyton, R., Ramsey, J., & Volk, T. (Eds.). (1992). Investigating and evaluating environmental issues and actions: Skill development modules. Champaign, IL: Stipes. Jamieson, D. (Ed.). (2003). A companion to environmental philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell. Kahn, P., Jr., & Kellert, S. (Eds.). (2002). (NetLibrary 2003). Children and nature: Psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary investigations. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Marsh, G. (2003). Man and nature. Seattle: University of Washington Press. McGraw-Hill dictionary of environmental science. (2003). New York: McGraw-Hill. Minteer, B., & Taylor, B. (Eds.). (2002). Democracy and the claims of nature: Critical perspectives for a new century. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Myerson, G., & Rydin, Y. (2004). The language of environment: A new rhetoric. London: Routledge. Palmer, J., Cooper, D., & Corcoran, P. (2001). Fifty key thinkers on the environment. London: Routledge. Steffen, W., etal. (2004). Global change and earth system: A planet under pressure. New York: Springer. Sutton, P. (2004). Nature, environment and society. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Wapner, S., etal. (Eds.). (2000). Theoretical perspectives in environment-behavior research: Underlying assumptions, research problems, and methodologies. New York: Kluwer Academic. Plenum. Wheeler, K., & Bijur, A. (Eds.). (2000). Education for a sustainable future: A paradigm of hope for the 21st century. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Yearly, S. (2005). Cultures of environmentalism: Empirical studies in environmental sociology. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan. 10 II. Professional Association Journals, Reports and Other Publications: Americans’ low “energy IQ”: A risk to our energy future. (2002). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF) and Roper Starch Worldwide. Ansberry, K., & Morgan, E. (2005). Picture-perfect science lessons: Using children’s books to . . . . Grades 3-6. National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). Archie, M., Whitacre, P., Glenn, J., & Shotkin, A. (1966, November 1-5). National Environmental Education Summit. Bardwell, L., Monroe, M., & Tudor, M. (Eds.). (1994). Environmental problem solving: Theory, practice and possibilities in environmental education. North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). Braus, J., & Miller, N. (1993, August). Environmental education in the schools: Creating a program that works! Peace Corps Information Collection and Exchange. Chawla, L. (1998). Significant life experiences revisited: A review of research on sources of environmental sensitivity. Journal of Environmental Education, 29(3), 11-21. Coates, D., & Wilson, H. (2003). Challenges in primary science: Meeting the needs of able young scientists at key stage two. (NACE). London. Disinger, J., & Roth, C. (2003). Environmental literacy. ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education, 92(1). Dorion, C. (1993). Planning and evaluation of environmental education: Secondary. Council for Environmental Education. Elder, J. (2003). A field guide to environmental literacy: Making strategic investments in environmental education. Environmental Education Coalition (EEC). Engleson, D., & Yockers, D. (Consults.). (1994). A guide to curriculum planning in environmental education. Wisconsin Dept of Public Instruction (Wisconsin DPI). Environment-based education: Creating high performance schools and students (2000). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF). Environmental education and educational achievement: Promising programs and resources. (2002). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF). Environmental education: Resources at a glance (2002). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF). Environmental education materials: Guidelines for excellence (2004). North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). Environmental readiness for the 21st century. (1999). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF) and Roper Starch Worldwide. Environmental studies in the K-12 classroom: A teacher’s view. (2000). North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) and Environmental Literacy Council (ELC). Excellence in environmental education: Guidelines for learning (Pre K-12). (2004). North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). Fox, M., & Hackerman, N. (Eds.). (2003). Evaluating an improving undergraduate teaching in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. National Research Council (NRC). Guidelines for the preparation and professional development of environmental educators. (2004). North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). 11 Harrington, M. & Hill, L. (2000). The Everglades case study: An extended case study for the investigation of a threatened watershed and ecosystem. South Florida Water Management District, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Florida Institute of Technology (FIT). Heimlich, J. (2003). Promoting concern for environment. ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, ?(?). Lessons from the environment. (2002). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF) and Roper Starch Worldwide. Lowery, L. (Ed.). (2000). NSTA Pathways to the science standards: Elementary school edition (2nd ed.). National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). Marcinkowski, T., & Mrazek, R. (1996, April). Research in environmental education 1981-1990. North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). Moving into the educational mainstream (InfoBrief, No. 26, 2001). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD). National report card on environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. (1997-1999). National Environmental Education and Training Foundation (NEETF) and Roper Starch Worldwide. Reeske, M., & Ireton, S. (2001). The life cycle of everyday stuff. National Science Teachers Associaton (NSTA). Ruskey, A., Wilke, R., & Beasley, T. (2001). A survey of the status of state-level environmental education in the United States-1998 Update. Journal of Environmental Education, 32(3), 4-14. Saul, E. (Ed.). (2004). Crossing borders in literacy and science instruction: Perspectives on theory and practice. International Reading Association (IRA) and (NSTA). Using environment-based education to advance learning skills and character development. (2001). NEETF and NAAEE. Volk, T., & McBeth, B. (1999). Environmental literacy in the United States. NAAEE. Wilke, R. (Ed.). Environmental education teacher resource handbook: A practical guide for K-12 . . . . (1993). National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). Zelezny, L. (2000). Educational interventions that improve environmental behaviors: A meta analysis. Journal of Environmental Education, 31(1), 5-14. II. Journals: Applied Environmental Education and Communication Discover E Magazine EPA Journal Environmental Education Research Green Teacher International Journal of Environmental Studies Journal of Environmental Education Journal of Environmental Education Research Journal of Experiential Learning Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies Nature Study Journal Science Teacher SCE 6644: Trends and Issues in Environmental Education (09/19/08) 12