Rehabilitation and Recovery
Concrete Strategies and Implementation
Jonathan Martens
Senior Specialist:
Migrant Assistance Division
November 23rd, 2010
Bratislava
1. Remembering the
Context
The ‘typical’ beneficiary
Prior to being trafficked…
1.
CONTEXT
2.
PALERMO
80%
60%
50%
60%
3.
OHCHR
32%
40%
22%
4.
COMMIT
5.
CONCLUSION
15%
20%
0%
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Physically
and/or sexually
abused
Physically
abused
Sexually abused Both physically Sexually abused
and sexually before age 15
abused
Travel and Transit
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•4
Violence women experienced
during trafficking
1.
CONTEXT
2.
PALERMO
3.
OHCHR
4.
COMMIT
5.
CONCLUSION
FORM OF VIOLENCE
Physical violence
Sexual violence
Either physical and sexual violence
Both physical and sexual violence
YES (%)
(n=207)
76%
90%
95%
71%
158
186
196
148
89%
36%
34%
185
75
70
THREATS DURING TRAFFICKING
Woman was threatened
Woman's family was threatened
Woman AND her family were threatened
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“How often were you free?”
Always 3%
Occasionally
4%
Often, 2%
No Response,
4%
Seldom, 10%
Never, 77%
1.
CONTEXT
2.
PALERMO
3.
OHCHR
4.
COMMIT
5.
CONCLUSION
2. Now you want to help…
Spheres of Vulnerability
Migrant women
Exploited women
laborers
Trafficked women
Women
experiencing
sexual abuse,
domestic violence,
torture
Women sex workers
Source: LSHTM 2003
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Some Key Concerns and Challenges
1.
CONTEXT
2.
PALERMO
3.
OHCHR
4.
COMMIT
5.
CONCLUSION
Safety
 personal safety and that of the family.
Legal Status
 in the case of foreign victims who are asked to cooperate with the criminal justice process.
Confidentiality
 that his/her identity will be disclosed to the family, or
the general public, and that s/he will be stigmatized as
a result.
Fear of re-traumatisation
 that s/he will have to testify in the physical presence of
the trafficker or be in the presence of him or his
associates at any stage of the criminal investigation or
criminal.
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Important Guidelines
1. Do no harm – adhere to ethical / human rights
2.
3.
4.
standards.
Treat all contact with trafficked persons as a
potential step towards rehabilitation.
Prioritize the safety of trafficked persons, self
and staff.
Provide respectful, equitable assistance that
does not discriminate.
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Important Guidelines
5. Be prepared with referral information
and contact details for trusted support
persons.
6. Collaborate with other support services.
7. Ensure the confidentiality and privacy of
trafficked persons.
8. Provide information in a way that each
trafficked person can understand.
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Important Guidelines
9. Obtain voluntary, informed consent.
10. Respect the rights, choices, and dignity
of each individual.
11. Avoid calling authorities unless given the
consent of the trafficked person.
12. Maintain all information about trafficked
persons in secure facilities.
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3. Supportive Responses
Facilitating rehabilitation in an
assistance setting
Common Reactions and Supportive
Responses- 1
Common
Reactions
Supportive Responses
Fear, Insecurity,
Anxiety
Description and reassurance of physical security
and confidentiality; accompaniment to outside
appointments
Mistrust of Others Regular inquiries into needs and well-being;
patience in developing relationship;
unconditional provision of practical assistance
and moral support
Mistrust of Self;
low self esteem
Creating small tasks; setting short term goals;
validating accomplishments
Self-blame, Guilt,
Shame
Reassurance that what happened was not his/her
fault; reminder of his/her courage and
resourcefulness under extreme conditions
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Common Reactions and Supportive
Responses- 2
Common
Reactions
Supportive Responses
Anger
Remaining calm in face of hostility; patience;
implementation of reasonable measures to
ensure person’s safety and safety of others
Memory Lapses;
Dissociation
Not pressuring the person; understanding the
importance of forgetting for some people
Isolation,
Loneliness
Offering phone contact (or other contact) with
family; opportunities to participate in one-to-one
or group activities
Dependence,
Subservience or
Defensiveness
Assigning small tasks and setting limited goals;
reassuring person of abilities; not assuming all
responsibility for person’s welfare (allowing
person to choose when, how and if they wish
assistance)
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Economic Rehabilitation
Eg. IOM’s ERTV Project – India
1.Multi-stakeholder approach
• Beneficiary, NGO, Local Government, Private
Companies, IOM
2.Flexible business models
• Franchise, Production Centre, Independent
Business, Traditional (eg. Dairy)
3. Sustainability
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4. Facilitating Change
How assistance supports
rehabilitation
Multiple physical health symptoms
that improve with support services
6%
7%
57%
43%
93%
94%
0 to 11 symptoms
12 to 23 symptoms
0-14
Days
28-56
Days
90+
Days
Significant Psychological Distress
52%
71%
19%
29%
48%
81%
0 to 9 symptoms
10 to 17 symptoms
•0-14
days
•28-56
days
•90+
days
Change in Mental Health
1.
CONTEXT
100
90
2.
PALERMO
80
70
3.
OHCHR
4.
COMMIT
5.
CONCLUSION
Depression
Anxiety
Hostility
Norms
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0-14Period
days 1
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Period
28-56
days2
Period
90+
days3
Key Elements to Promote
Rehabilitation
1. Individual response required
2. Active participation of the
3.
4.
5.
6.
beneficiary
Safety is always a primary
consideration
Comprehensiveness of
services
Multi-stakeholder approach
Importance of monitoring to
sustainability
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There is no
single global
approach: Each
beneficiary
should receive
support that is
tailored to her
experiences and
resultant needs
•21
End
Jonathan Martens
IOM Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Tel: +41.22.717.9469
Email: jmartens@iom.int
www.iom.int
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