Death of
sun-like
Massive
star death
Elemental
my dear
Watson
Novas
Neutron
Stars
Black holes
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Black dwarfs
What are cooled off white
dwarfs?
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Planetary nebula
What is the ejected envelope,
often bipolar, of a red giant
surrounding a white dwarf
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Red giant
The "helium flash" occurs at
what stage in stellar
evolution?
$800
100 million degrees Kelvin
The temperature need to fuse
helium into carbon is
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Helium build up in the core (less hydrogen in the
core) and hydrogen burning shell expands
What forces the evolution of a star off the main
sequence?
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once
How many times can a star be
a supernova?
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A day
A 20 solar mass star will
stay on the main sequence
for 10 million years, yet its
iron core can exist for
only a
$600
It generates more heat and eventually
collapses on itself
A high-mass star dies more
violently because?
$800
It is the temperature
needed to fuse elements
higher than carbon.
600 million degrees Kelvin is
important because
$1000
At 8 solar masses a star will go through a
violent ending, forming a Type II supernova
and ending in a nuetron star or balck hole
Why is the 8 solar masses significant in
stellar evolution?
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Hydrogen
What is the element first
fused to form stars?
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Hydrogen and helium
Nearly all the elements found
in nature were formed inside
stars, except for
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nucleosynthesis
The formation of heavier
elements inside stars is called
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neutron capture during a type II supernova
explosion.
The heaviest nuclei of all are
formed by
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Fission of heavier elements into lighter
Beyond the formation of iron,
nuclear energy can be
produced only by
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Novas
A surface explosion on a white dwarf,
caused by falling matter from the
atmosphere of its binary companion,
creates what kind of object?
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Neutrinos
Most of the energy of the
supernova is carried outward
via a flood of
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Type I supernova
If a white dwarf gains enough
mass it can become a
$800
Type II Supernova
The making of abundant iron
niclei is typical of
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The sun is neither a binary star nor
is it large enough to cause a
supernova
Most of the energy of the
supernova is carried outward
via a flood of
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made of compressed neutrons in contact
with each other.
n a neutron star, the core is
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Neutron star
An object more massive than
the sun but no larger than a
city is a
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Pulsars
These objects spin very
rapidly when they are young
$800
The Lighthouse model
The name of the model where we see a
beam sweep across us in a pulsar is called
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X-ray bursters
They are neutron stars on
which accreted matter builds
up, then explodes in a violent
nuclear explosion.
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Black hole
A “failed” supernova undergoes
core collapse but instead of
forming a neutron star like a Type
II supernova it forms a black hole.
A hypernova ends up as a
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Theory of Relativity
Gravity is the result of curved
space is an explanation of what
theory?
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In the middle of galaxies
The largest supermassive black
holes are found________________.
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Neither matter or energy can escape
because escape velocity would be more
than the speed of light
How does escape velocity relate
to black holes
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2.8 km
Event Horizon Math problem: Calculate the
Scharzchild radius for the sun using the following:
R=2GM/c2
M=1.9x1030 kg
G=6.67x10-11 Nm2/kg2
C=3x108 m/sec
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Shock waves from
supernovae
Star formation may be triggered by __________
which help gravity through compression of
interstellar clouds to greater densities.
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T Tauri
Strong winds develop
during which phase of
a protostar?
$600
When a protostar in about
to become a main
sequence star
When does the T Tauri
star occur?
$800
They are young enough to not have most
of their hydrogen not fused into helium.
They do not evolve off until helium is
built up. Most of stars life time is spent
as a main sequence star.
Why is the largest group of stars the
main sequence stars?
$1000
If <1.4 Solar masses will become a white dwarf (Red Giant
throws off a planetary nebula)
1.4 to 3 solar masses becomes a neutron star from a Type II
supernova explosion.
Above 3 solar masses becomes a black hole
What are three possible outcomes of
stellar evolution? Which sized stars
(in solar masses) on the Main
Sequence are thought to become
each of these?