INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
Slide 1
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Ideas
Many failed systems were
abandoned because analysts
tried to build wonderful systems
without understanding the
organization.
The primarily goal is to create
value for the organization.
Slide 2
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Ideas
The systems analyst is a key person
analyzing the business, identifying
opportunities for improvement, and
designing information systems to
implement these ideas.
It is important to understand and
develop through practice the skills
needed to successfully design and
implement new information
systems.
Slide 3
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
THE SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE
Slide 4
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
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Major Attributes of the
Lifecycle
The project
Moves systematically through phases
where each phase has a standard set
of outputs
Produces project deliverables
Uses deliverables in implementation
Results in actual information system
Uses gradual refinement
Slide 5
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Phases
Planning
Why build the system?
Analysis
Who, what, when, where will the system be?
Design
How will the system work?
Implementation
System delivery
Slide 6
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
A “Simple” Process for Making Lunch
Slide 7
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Planning
Identifying business value
Analyze feasibility
Develop work plan
Staff the project
Control and direct project
Slide 8
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Analysis
Analysis
Information gathering
Process modeling
Data modeling
Slide 9
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Design
Physical design
Architectural design
Interface design
Database and file design
Program design
Slide 10
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Implementation
Construction
Installation
Slide 11
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Processes and
Deliverables
Process
Planning
Project Plan
Analysis
System Proposal
Design
Implementation
Slide 12
Product
System
Specification
New System and
Maintenance Plan
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
THE EVOLUTION OF
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Slide 13
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
What Is a Methodology?
A formalized approach or series
of steps
Writing code without a wellthought-out system request
may work for small programs,
but rarely works for large ones.
Slide 14
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Structured Design
Projects move methodically
from one to the next step
Generally, a step is finished
before the next one begins
Slide 15
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Waterfall Development
Method
Slide 16
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pros and Cons of the
Waterfall Method
Pros
Identifies systems
requirements long
before programming
begins
Cons
Design must be
specified on paper
before programming
begins
Long time between
system proposal and
delivery of new
system
Slide 17
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alternatives to the SDLC
Rapid Application Development
(RAD)
Phased Development
Prototyping
Throw-Away Prototyping
Slide 18
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rapid Application
Development
Critical elements
CASE tools
JAD sessions
Fourth generation/visualization
programming languages
Code generators
Slide 19
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rapid Application
Development Categories
Phased development
A series of versions
Prototyping
System prototyping
Throw-away prototyping
Design prototyping
Slide 20
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
How Prototyping Works
Slide 21
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
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Throwaway Prototyping
Slide 22
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
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Object-Oriented Analysis
and Design
Attempts to balance emphasis
on data and process
Uses Unified Modeling Language
(UML) for diagramming
Use-case Driven
Architecture Centric
Iterative and Incremental
Slide 23
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF
OBJECT-ORIENTED
SYSTEMS
Slide 24
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Elements
Classes -- template to define objects
Instances -- specific examples of class
members
Objects -- building block of the system
Attributes -- describe data aspects of the
object
Methods -- the processes the object can
perform
Messages -- instructions sent to or received
from other objects
Slide 25
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Class and Its Objects
Instantiated Objects of the Class
PATIENT 1: TOP PACKAGE: PATIENT
Class
-Name = Teresa Marks
-Birthdate = March 16, 1975
-Phone number = 314-997-3456
PATIENT
-Name
-Birthdate
-Phone Number
+Insert ()()
+Delete ()()
Attributes
PATIENT 2: TOP PACKAGE: PATIENT
Methods
Slide 26
-Name = Mel Bourne
-Birthdate = May 11, 1965
-Phone number = 314-997-3219
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Key to Reusability
Information hiding is the
principle that only information
required to use the object is
available outside the object
Encapsulation is the mechanism
that combines data and
processes in a single object
Slide 27
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Class Hierarchy
Slide 28
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Inheritance
Slide 29
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Polymorphism
Slide 30
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
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OBJECT-ORIENTED
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
USING UML
Slide 31
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
UML
The full UML provides 9
separate diagramming
techniques
Slide 32
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
PROJECT TEAM ROLES
AND SKILLS
Slide 33
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Information Systems
Roles
Business analyst
System analyst
Infrastructure analyst
Change management analyst
Project manager
Slide 34
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary -- Part 1
The Systems Development Lifecycle
consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis,
Design, and Implementation
There are three major development
methodologies: the waterfall method, RAD,
and the Object-Oriented approach.
Slide 35
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary -- Part 2
There are six major elements in ObjectOriented design: classes, objects,
instances, attributes, methods, and
messages.
Encapsulation, Inheritance, and
Polymorphism are also important objectoriented concepts
There are five major team roles:
business analyst, systems analyst,
infrastructure analyst, change
management analyst and project
manager.
Slide 36
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Expanding the Domain
For complete description of UML
see:
www.rational.com/uml
Slide 37
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.