Title
Study on the Coordinated Development of
Regional Economy in Fujian
Name
Wang Guochang
Major
Economics
School
Xiamen University
Study on the Coordinated Development of Regional Economy in Fujian
[Abstract] In the situation of building a Harmonious Society, the coordinated development of
regional economy arouses vast concerns among politicians and economists. Fujian has ever
achieved a rapid economic development, which also causes many social and environmental
problems since the reform and opening up. Whether its development is coordinated or not is under
discussion in this paper. The author established a comprehensive evaluation index system, then
used the analytic hierarchy process, the principal components analysis method and SPSS software
to measure the degree of coordinated development of regional economy in Fujian, and finally gave
corresponding explanations.
[Key Words] Regional Economy Coordinated Degree
the Analytic Hierarchy Process
the Principal Components Analysis Method
1. INTRODUCTION
Fujian, situated in the southeast China on the coast of the East China Sea, covers a land of 540 km
from east to west and 550 km from north to south and faces Taiwan Province across the Taiwan
Straits, comprising nine cities: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Putian, Sanming, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou,
Nanping, Longyan and Ningde. Mountains and hilly areas constitute over 80% of Fujian's land
area. Plains are concentrated in its southeast coastal areas. The particular geography and
inconvenient traffic restrict local regional development. During the Fourth Session of the Tenth
NPC, the Prime Minster Wen Jiabao said the government would support the development of the
economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Straits. Take time when time is, for time will be
away. How to seize the opportunity to promote the development of Fujian? As you know, only
coordinated development could last for long. Therefore, we shall first confirm whether the
development is coordinated which will be discussed in this paper.
Regional economy is usually described as the human economic activities in one region. The
coordinated development of regional economy is couched in two terms: one is the coordinated
development of the subsystems in the regional compound system; the other is the coordinated
development of the associated regions. The regional compound system covers a broad range of
subsystems, including population, resource, environment, development and etc. So it’s also called
PRED system. In my opinion, we should also concentrate on the modern economic level and
economic structure, scientific and technological development, the quality of education and social
development. Thus, this paper studies the regional coordinate development from the aspects of
population, economy, technology & education, society and resource & environment.
2. THE SETTING UP OF THE EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM
2.1 Choosing suitable indices
Because the regional compound system contains plenty of elements, it’s significant to choose
suitable indices to reflect this system comprehensively. Based on personal research and other
papers, I decided to choose the indices according to the principles as follows:
a) Independent.
Those indices which indicate the regional development conditions may have some identical
information. Thus it’s quite necessary to choose those independent indices to form the index
system.
b) Comprehensive.
One can’t use several unilateral indices to describe the regional economy development. When
stating to choose the indices, one ought to consider all the aspects and try to represent the elements
of regional compound system as comprehensive as possible.
c) Feasible.
It’s possible that some indices play important parts in forming the index system theoretically but
the data of these indices can not be found in forthcoming materials. In the case, one has to choose
similar indices instead.
Observing these principles, I chose 20 indices of population, economy, technology & education,
society and resource & environment to form the comprehensive index system as Figure 1.
Figure 1
1.Total Population at the Year-end (10000 persons)
Population
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
4. Per Capita GDP (Yuan)
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary Industry to GDP (%)
The evaluation index system of regional coordinated development
Economy
6. Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million USD)
7. Total Exports (100 million USD)
8. Per Capita Payment of Employed Persons (Yuan)
9. Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
Technology
& Education
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to GDP (%)
11. Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle School Students
12. Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular Secondary Schools
Per 10000 Persons
13. Number of Medical Technical Personnel
Society
Per 10000 Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied Insurance to GDP (%)
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment (%)
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas (Sq m)
Resource&
Environment
18.Proportion of Investment on Environmental Infrastructure
Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the Discharge Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment of
Industrial Pollution to GDP (%)
2.2Determination of weight values by AHP
The weight values vary depending on different indices. AHP method can be used to determine the
weight values of the evaluation index system with its special advantages. It needs four steps:
firstly to set up the hierarchy structure of the evaluation index system; secondly to solve the
estimated matrix; thirdly to compute the weight value through the estimated matrix; at last to
confirm whether the matrix satisfies the consistency condition.
I adopt the 5 scale method and divide the 20 indices into 5 levels: extremely important indices,
strongly important indices, obviously important indices, slightly important indices and important
indices. These 5 levels are represented respectively by value 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. The extremely important
index is: per capita GDP; the strongly important indices are: proportion of total R&D expenditure
to GDP, rate of juvenile non-criminalization illegal action, proportion of total expenses of varied
insurance to GDP, proportion of investment on the treatment of industrial pollution to GDP; the
obviously important indices are: total population at the year-end, foreign capital actually used, per
capita payment of employed persons; the slightly important indices are: natural growth rate of
population, total exports, number of medical technical personnel per 10000 persons, proportion of
investment on environmental infrastructure construction to GDP; the important indices are: level
of urbanization, proportion of value-added of tertiary industry to GDP, number of R&D personnel
per 10000 persons, student promotion rate of junior middle school students, number of full-time
teachers by regular secondary schools per 10000 persons, rate of urban registered unemployment,
per capita public green areas, proportion of investment on the treatment of industrial pollution to
GDP.
The estimated matrix A is:
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
X11
X12
X13
X14
X15
X16
X17
X18
X19
X20
X1
1
3/2
3/1
3/5
3/1
3/3
3/2
3/3
3/1
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/4
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/1
3/4
X2
2/3
1
2/1
2/5
2/1
2/3
2/2
2/3
2/1
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/4
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/1
2/4
X3
1/3
1/2
1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X4
5/3
5/2
5/1
1
5/1
5/3
5/2
5/3
5/1
5/4
5/1
5/1
5/2
5/4
5/4
5/1
5/1
5/2
5/1
5/4
X5
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X6
3/3
3/2
3/1
3/5
3/1
1
3/2
3/3
3/1
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/4
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/1
3/4
X7
2/3
2/2
2/1
2/5
2/1
2/3
1
2/3
2/1
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/4
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/1
2/4
X8
3/3
3/2
3/1
3/5
3/1
3/3
3/2
1
3/1
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/4
3/4
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/1
3/4
X9
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X10
4/3
4/2
4/1
4/5
4/1
4/3
4/2
4/3
4/1
1
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/4
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/1
4/4
X11
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X12
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X13
2/3
2/2
2/1
2/5
2/1
2/3
2/2
2/3
2/1
2/4
2/1
2/1
1
2/4
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/1
2/4
X14
4/3
4/2
4/1
4/5
4/1
4/3
4/2
4/3
4/1
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
1
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/1
4/4
X15
4/3
4/2
4/1
4/5
4/1
4/3
4/2
4/3
4/1
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/4
1
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/1
4/4
X16
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1
1/1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X17
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1
1/2
1/1
1/4
X18
2/3
2/2
2/1
2/5
2/1
2/3
2/2
2/3
2/1
2/4
2/1
2/1
2/2
2/4
2/4
2/1
2/1
1
2/1
2/4
X19
1/3
1/2
1/1
1/5
1/1
1/3
1/2
1/3
1/1
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/4
1/4
1/1
1/1
1/2
1
1/4
X20
4/3
4/2
4/1
4/5
4/1
4/3
4/2
4/3
4/1
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/4
4/4
4/1
4/1
4/2
4/1
1
Then I calculate the mean of every line. After that, I calculate the weight value of each index.
The calculation formula is:
n
ai  ai1  ai 2  ...  ain  n  aij
n
j 1
i,j=1,2,...,n
wi 
ai
i  1, 2,..., n
n
a
i
i 1
Results are shown in Table 1 as follows.
Table 1
Index
Geometric Average
Weight Vector
Ｘi
Ai
Wi
X1
1.548769
X2
Vector
Ratio
(AW) i
(AW)i/Wi
0.065217
1.304348
20.000000
1.032512
0.043478
0.869565
20.000000
X3
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X4
2.581281
0.108696
2.173913
20.000000
X5
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X6
1.548769
0.065217
1.304348
20.000000
X7
1.032512
0.043478
0.869565
20.000000
X8
1.548769
0.065217
1.304348
20.000000
X9
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X10
2.065025
0.086957
1.739130
20.000000
X11
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X12
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X13
1.032512
0.043478
0.869565
20.000000
X14
2.065025
0.086957
1.739130
20.000000
X15
2.065025
0.086957
1.739130
20.000000
X16
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X17
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X18
1.032512
0.043478
0.869565
20.000000
X19
0.516256
0.021739
0.434783
20.000000
X20
2.065025
0.086957
1.739130
20.000000
Total
23.747787
1.000000
——
400.000000
Finally, I come to confirm whether the estimated matrix satisfies the consistency condition.
1. Calculate the maximum feature root of the estimated matrix  max :
 max 
1
( AW )i 1
  400  20

m
Wi
20
2. Calculate the value of the consistency index of the estimated matrix CI:
CI 
 max  m
m 1

20  20
0
20  1
3. By looking up the tables, we know the average random consistency index of the estimated
matrix RI’s value is 1.45.
4. The random consistency ratio of the estimated matrix is:
CR 
CI
 0  0.10
RI
The random consistency ratio is less than 0.10, so the estimated matrix satisfies the consistency
condition well. The weight values of the extremely important indices, strongly important indices,
obviously important indices, slightly important indices and important indices are 0.108696,
0.086957, 0.065217, 0.043478 and 0.021739 respectively.
3. THE COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF FUJIAN REGIONAL SUBSYSTEMS
3.1 The evaluation standard of the regional coordinated development.
In the paper, I adopt coordinated degree to evaluate the coordinated development of Fujian
regional subsystems. Wang Bo and Fang Li used the formula Ｂ ＝ 1-S/Y to compute the
coordinated degree B. Y represents the average of the subsystems’ values which can be calculated
by the values and weights of the indices of the subsystem. S represents the standard error of the
subsystems’ values. However, in my opinion, S/Y is meaningless for the standardization
transformation data which has no dimension. Thus, I adopt a new formula B=1-S to compute the
coordinated degree, because S just has the power to explain the coordinated conditions of the
subsystems. If S is 0, the subsystems’ values are the same. It means they are completely
coordinated. In the case, B gets 1. The bigger S is, the smaller B is and vice versa. I divide the
coordinated degree into 5 conditions as shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Coordinated Degree
Coordinated Conditions
Ⅰ
0.8~1
Strongly coordination
Ⅱ
0.6~0.8
Slightly coordination
Ⅲ
0.5~0.6
Coordination
Ⅳ
0.4~0.5
In-coordination
Ⅴ
0.2~0.4
Slightly In-coordination
3.2 Standardization of original data
The dimensions vary depending on different indices. Before computing the coordinated degree,
we need make indices being dimensionless. There are several methods. In this paper, I adopt the
method of standardization transformation.
The standardization transformation formula is as follows:
Yij 
Xij  Xi
Si
j  1, 2,......, n
In this formula, Xij represents the j th data of the i th index. Xi represents the mean of the i th
index. Si represents its standard error. The mean of the standardization transformation data of each
index is 0 and its standard error is 1. Because the dimension of the standard error is the same as
the original data, the standardization transformation data is dimensionless.
3.3 Calculating the coordinated degree
I looked up the data from Fujian Statistical Yearbook (2003~2006) and Fujian Economic and
Social Statistical Yearbook (2003~2006), then make the standardization transformation of the data
and finally calculate the coordinated degree. Results are shown from Table3 to Table 6.
Table 3 Fujian’s original data of the evaluation index system
Index
2002
2003
2004
2005
1.Total Population at the Year-end (10000 persons)
3466
3488
3511
3535
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
5.78
5.85
5.96
5.98
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
44.6
45.1
46
47.3
4.Per Capita GDP(Yuan)
13510
15006
16469
18646
39.71
38.93
38.41
38.21
6.Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million USD)
42.5
49.93
53.18
62.3
7.Total Exports(100 million USD)
173.73
211.4
293.97
348.45
8.Per Capita Payment of Employed Persons(Yuan)
13333
14343
15627
17190
9.Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
0.6197
0.5897
0.5736
0.6122
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to GDP (%)
0.1002
0.1055
0.0926
0.0881
58.7
65.6
69.42
77.66
37.87
38.93
39.75
40.82
27.43
27.78
28.62
28.55
55.29
55.95
55.27
55.75
1.7230
1.6966
1.6983
1.4024
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment (%)
4.2
4.1
4
4
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas (Sq m)
5.04
7.14
8.12
9.17
1.2835
1.2898
1.1922
1.3859
95.65
97.2
97.19
97.66
0.1353
0.2458
0.3709
0.5266
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary Industry to
GDP (%)
11.Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle School
Students
12.Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular Secondary
Schools Per 10000 Persons
13.Number of Medical Technical Personnel Per 10000
Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied Insurance to
GDP (%)
18. Proportion of Investment on Environmental
Infrastructure Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the Discharge
Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment of
Industrial Pollution to GDP (%)
Table 4 Fujian’s standardization transformation data of the evaluation index system
Index
2002
2003
2004
2005
1.Total Population at the Year-end (10000 persons)
-1.1448
-0.4041
0.3704
1.1785
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
-1.1931
-0.4507
0.7158
0.9279
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
-0.9708
-0.5487
0.2110
1.3084
4.Per Capita GDP(Yuan)
-1.0954
-0.4119
0.2564
1.2509
1.3353
0.1751
-0.6043
-0.9061
6.Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million USD)
-1.1550
-0.2495
0.1465
1.2579
7.Total Exports(100 million USD)
-1.0521
-0.5755
0.4692
1.1584
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary Industry to
GDP (%)
8.Per Capita Payment of Employed Persons(Yuan)
-1.0738
-0.4680
0.3022
1.2396
9.Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
0.9925
-0.4308
-1.1951
0.6333
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to GDP (%)
0.4617
1.1497
-0.5168
-1.0945
-1.1568
-0.2840
0.1992
1.2416
-1.1759
-0.3318
0.3232
1.1844
-1.1404
-0.5359
0.8988
0.7775
0.8108
-1.1351
0.8698
-0.5455
0.6103
0.4368
0.4481
-1.4953
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment (%)
1.3056
0.2611
-0.7834
-0.7834
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas (Sq m)
-1.3231
-0.1293
0.4278
1.0246
-0.0553
0.0250
-1.2087
1.2391
-1.4525
0.3133
0.3019
0.8373
-1.0959
-0.4391
0.3049
1.2301
11.Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle School
Students
12.Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular Secondary
Schools Per 10000 Persons
13.Number of Medical Technical Personnel Per 10000
Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied Insurance to
GDP (%)
18. Proportion of Investment on Environmental
Infrastructure Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the Discharge
Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment of
Industrial Pollution to GDP (%)
Table 5 the coordinated degree of Fujian regional subsystems
Technology
Population
Economy
(0.130434)
(0.304347 )
2002
-1.1319
-0.9237
0.0724
-0.1616
2003
-0.4437
-0.3706
0.5075
2004
0.4590
0.2116
2005
1.1166
1.0827
&Education
Society
Resource&
Y
S
B=1-S
-0.9087
-0.6144
0.4471
0.5529
0.4979
-0.1903
-0.0075
0.4150
0.5850
-0.3914
-0.0611
-0.0585
0.0399
0.2536
0.7464
-0.1884
-0.2752
1.1576
0.5820
0.6612
0.3388
(0.152174 )
(0.239131)
Environment
(0.173913)
Table 6 the coordinated conditions of Fujian regional subsystems
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
B
0.5529
0.5850
0.7464
0.3388
Coordination
Coordination
Slightly
Slightly
coordination
In-coordination
Coordinated
Conditions
4. THE COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSOCIATED REGIONS IN
FUJIAN
As described above, Fujian comprises nine cities: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Putian, Sanming, Quanzhou,
Zhangzhou, Nanping, Longyan and Ningde. Regional coordinated development is couched in two
terms. I have discussed the coordinated development of the regional subsystems then I’ll introduce
the coordinated development of the nine cities in Fujian. Instead of AHP, this time I used the
principal components analysis method. It can not only eliminate the correlation of evaluation
indices, but also create weighting coefficient automatically according to the given information
Further more, it can give the ranking of the coordinated development of the nine cities. First of
all, I will study the case of 2002. Data is also from Fujian Statistical Yearbook (2003~2006) and
Fujian Economic and Social Statistical Yearbook (2003~2006). Results are shown from Table 7 to
Table 8.
Table 7-1 the original data of the evaluation index system of 9 cities in 2002
Index
Fuzhou
Xiamen
Putian
Sanming
1.Total Population at the Year-end (10000 persons)
652
214
275
260
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
5.9
4.7
6.1
5.7
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
54.2
74.2
45.6
40.7
4.Per Capita GDP(Yuan)
16901
30297
8265
10233
42.11
43.42
36.02
38.60
6.Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million USD)
12.02
8.92
2.41
0.61
7.Total Exports(100 million USD)
35.34
87.93
7.68
1.18
8.Per Capita Payment of Employed Persons(Yuan)
14125
18167
11448
12442
9.Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
1.9463
2.4486
0.1455
0.1346
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to GDP (%)
0.2959
0.1848
0.0226
0.0216
62.1
93.4
56.5
68.7
34.02
30.88
43.23
44.53
34.16
40.43
19.67
33.83
57.12
50.65
57.48
53.64
1.6764
1.8724
0.9975
3.2500
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment (%)
3
4.1
2.5
6.5
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas (Sq m)
5.64
5.39
3.24
7.02
1.8903
2.0909
1.5850
0.7565
98.31
97.57
89.71
89.83
0.3460
0.0250
0.0089
0.2722
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary Industry to
GDP (%)
11.Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle School
Students
12.Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular Secondary
Schools Per 10000 Persons
13.Number of Medical Technical Personnel Per 10000
Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied Insurance to
GDP (%)
18. Proportion of Investment on Environmental
Infrastructure Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the Discharge
Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment of
Industrial Pollution to GDP (%)
Table 7-2 the original data of the evaluation index system of 9 cities in 2002
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Nanping
Longyan
Ningde
747
462
284
270
302
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
6.4
6.2
6
5.3
6
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
46
35.4
44.6
34.2
35.3
4.Per Capita GDP(Yuan)
14713
9074
8373
9025
7938
35.92
38.22
40.73
37.19
41.04
8.21
7.14
2.2
0.3
0.69
15.35
7.78
1.43
0.48
1.47
12140
10319
10875
12364
11808
0.0268
0.1948
0.1761
0.1556
0.2583
0.0076
0.0283
0.0159
0.0307
0.0320
56.7
40.6
68.8
64.9
52.8
35.40
34.02
38.63
50.88
40.19
21.42
18.98
30.54
29.46
28.25
48.53
62.75
58.46
58.26
58.2
0.6866
1.6044
3.0396
2.5423
1.2931
1.1
4
6.9
7.4
4.4
4.1
3.38
5.63
6.34
4.25
0.0969
0.7150
1.1315
0.3675
0.5004
95.66
99.35
95.22
95.99
92.38
0.0942
0.0142
0.2122
0.1384
0.0058
Index
1.Total Population at the Year-end (10000
persons)
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary
Industry to GDP (%)
6.Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million
USD)
7.Total Exports(100 million USD)
8.Per Capita Payment of Employed
Persons(Yuan)
9.Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to
GDP (%)
11.Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle
School Students
12.Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular
Secondary Schools Per 10000 Persons
13.Number of Medical Technical Personnel Per
10000 Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal
action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied
Insurance to GDP (%)
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment
(%)
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas (Sq m)
18. Proportion of Investment on Environmental
Infrastructure Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the
Discharge Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment
of Industrial Pollution to GDP (%)
Table8-1 the results of the principal components analysis by SPSS
Total Variance Explained
Comp
Initial Eigenvalues
Total
% of Variance
Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Cumulative %
Total
% of Variance
Cumulative %
1
9.326
46.629
46.629
8.623
43.116
43.116
2
4.948
24.740
71.370
3.917
19.585
62.700
3
2.136
10.679
82.048
3.647
18.237
80.937
4
1.607
8.035
90.084
1.829
9.147
90.084
5
.950
4.751
94.834
6
.550
2.750
97.584
7
.400
1.998
99.583
8
.083
.417
100.000
9
5.73E-016
2.87E-015
100.000
10
3.41E-016
1.71E-015
100.000
11
2.83E-016
1.42E-015
100.000
12
1.71E-016
8.55E-016
100.000
13
1.02E-016
5.11E-016
100.000
14
3.70E-017
1.85E-016
100.000
15
-5.26E-017
-2.63E-016
100.000
16
-2.10E-016
-1.05E-015
100.000
17
-2.63E-016
-1.32E-015
100.000
18
-4.61E-016
-2.30E-015
100.000
19
-6.60E-016
-3.30E-015
100.000
20
-1.71E-015
-8.53E-015
100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Table8-2 the results of the principal components analysis by SPSS
Component Score Coefficient Matrix
Component
1
2
3
4
1.Total Population at the Year-end(10000 persons)
-.122
.305
.121
-.163
2. Natural Growth Rate of Population (%)
-.126
.159
.021
-.016
3. Level of Urbanization (%)
.104
-.012
-.052
-.093
4.Per Capita GDP(Yuan)
.097
.001
-.041
-.116
5. Proportion of Value-added of Tertiary Industry to GDP (%)
.107
.019
.035
.236
6.Foreign Capital Actually Used(100 million USD)
.012
.222
.024
.011
7.Total Exports(100 million USD)
.122
-.022
-.084
-.025
8.Per Capita Payment of Employed Persons(Yuan)
.106
-.043
-.021
-.114
9.Number of R&D Personnel Per 10000 Persons
.108
.049
.000
.085
10. Proportion of Total R&D Expenditure to GDP (%)
.054
.156
.089
.116
11.Student Promotion Rate of Junior Middle School Students
.089
-.106
.038
-.163
12.Number of Full-time Teachers By Regular Secondary
-.056
-.127
.072
-.088
.068
-.015
.141
-.027
.025
-.007
-.038
.521
-.008
-.032
.215
.079
16. Rate of Urban Registered Unemployment (%)
.015
-.107
.138
.166
17.Per Capita Public Green Areas(Sq m)
-.035
.036
.285
-.130
.122
-.019
-.057
.181
.028
.171
.036
.230
-.104
.234
.354
-.080
Schools Per 10000 Persons
13.Number of Medical Technical Personnel Per 10000
Persons
14.Rate of Juvenile Non-Criminalization Illegal action
15. Proportion of Total Expenses of Varied Insurance to GDP
(%)
18. Proportion of Investment on Environmental Infrastructure
Construction to GDP (%)
19. Rate of Industrial Waste Water up to the Discharge
Standards (%)
20. Proportion of Investment on the Treatment of Industrial
Pollution to GDP (%)
Thus, there’re four factors F1, F2, F3, F4 representing almost 90.084% information of all the
data.
F1=-0.122  X1-0.126  X2+0.104  X3+0.097  X4+0.107  X5+0.012  X6+0.122  X7+
0.106  X8+0 .108  X9+0.054  X10+0.089  X11-0.056  X12+0.068  X13+0.025  X14-0.008  X15
+0.015  X16-0.035  X17+0.122  X18+0.028  X19-0.104  X20;
F2=0.305  X1+0.159  X2-0.012  X3+0.001  X4+0.019  X5+0.222  X6-0.022  X7-0.043  X8
+0.049  X9+0.156  X10-0.106  X11-0.127  X12-0.015  X13-0.007  X14-0.032  X15-0.107  X16
+0.036  X17-0.019  X18+0.171  X19+0.234  X20;
F3=0.121  X1+0.021  X2-0.052  X3-0.041  X4+0.035  X5+0.024  X6-0.084  X7-0.021  X8+
0  X9+0.089  X10+0.038  X11+0.072  X12+0.141  X13-0.038  X14+0.215  X15+0.138  X16
+0.285  X17-0.057  X18+0.036  X19+0.354  X20;
F4=-0.163  X1-0.016  X2-0.093  X3-0.116  X4+0.236  X5+0.011  X6-0.025  X7-0.114  X8+
0.085  X9+0.116  X10-0.163  X11-0.088  X12-0.027  X13+0.521  X14+0.079  X15+0.166  X16
-0.13  X17+0.181  X18+0.23  X19-0.08  X20
According to the contribution rate of variance, I conclude a statistic F:
46.629
24.740
10.679
8.035
 F1 
 F2
 F3 
 F4
90.084
90.084
90.084
90.084
 0.5176  F1  0.2746  F 2  0.1185  F 3  0.0892  F 4
F
F is just the integrate score of 9 cities. The value of F is in Table 9.
Table 9 the integrate score and ranking of nine cities in 2002
F1
F2
F3
F4
F
Ranking
Fuzhou
0.56396
1.95379
0.9423
0.49804
0.984504
2
Xiamen
2.47263
-0.39984
-0.45943
-0.4351
1.076784
1
Putian
-0.3287
-0.71639
-1.38313
-0.13572
-0.54286
9
Sanming
-0.40155
-0.75199
1.41008
-0.82357
-0.32071
5
Quanzhou
-0.82974
1.12606
-0.65957
-1.94332
-0.37176
8
Zhangzhou
-0.55488
0.6087
-0.90037
1.52935
-0.09033
4
Nanping
-0.2126
-0.30114
0.83705
0.71114
-0.03011
3
Longyan
-0.40833
-0.93413
0.82437
0.11885
-0.35957
7
Ningde
-0.30079
-0.58507
-0.61129
0.48033
-0.34594
6
With the same steps, I calculate the integrate scores and rankings of nine cities from 2003 to 2005
as follows.
Table 10 the integrate score and ranking of nine cities from 2003 to 2005
2003
2004
2005
F
Ranking
F
Ranking
F
Ranking
Fuzhou
0.36860
2
0.8107
2
0.6772
2
Xiamen
1.2175
1
1.1744
1
1.1402
1
Putian
-0.2746
6
-0.4827
8
0.0585
3
Sanming
0.1657
4
-0.0023
3
-0.4169
7
Quanzhou
-0.5765
8
-0.3619
7
0.0071
4
Zhangzhou
-0.727
9
-0.1721
5
-0.0959
5
Nanping
0.0074
5
-0.1613
4
-0.4655
8
Longyan
0.2113
3
-0.2492
6
-0.5368
9
Ningde
-0.3924
7
-0.5555
9
-0.3680
6
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
This paper has analyzed the coordinated development of regional economy in Fujian. From the
aspect of the coordinated development of Fujian regional subsystems, we discover that during
2002 and 2005, three of Fujian’s regional subsystems got steady improvements except Technology
& Education and Society. Because the index proportion of total R&D expenditure to GDP which
played an important part in the technology & education subsystem dropped in the last two years,
the value of this subsystem decreased inevitably. Turn to the Society subsystem. Data of its indices
changed without a clear tendency, so we couldn’t judge whether it got better or not. With the
economy developing, the coordinated degree of the whole regional compound system improved
during 2002 and 2004 and dropped greatly in 2005. While the others developed with good
conditions, the subsystems of Technology & Education and Society still struggled in their funk. It
directly restricted the coordinated development of the whole Fujian regional economy. The study
also suggested what the Fujian government should do if it wants to receive a more coordinated
development.
From the aspect of the coordinated development of the nine cities in Fujian, we find that
Xiamen and Fuzhou are the top two most coordinated cities of all. Xiamen is the main force of
Fujian economy. As a highly modernized city, its development exceeds the other ones obviously.
Fuzhou is the province capital. It has the innate advantages and also has the potentiality to play
this role better. Besides, Zhangzhou and Sanming got relatively high scores. Here I have to
mention the city Quanzhou which is also a powerful economic body in Fujian. As its development
of the resource & environment and technology & education dropped far behind its economy, its
integrate scores aren’t as good as expected. Putian, Nanping, Longyan and Ningde are the
relatively undeveloped areas in this province. Some careful readers may have found that the
development of Fujian presents a step-state. The relatively developed cities concentrate in the
southeast coastal areas of Fujian where there are superior geography, abundant natural resource,
convenient traffic and good economic and technological environment. In comparison, the west and
central regions are underdeveloped and waiting for the rise.
Generally, Fujian lacks of strong modern cities. It’s really difficult to make a promotion if only
relying on two cities. In order to achieve the economic take-off and build a prosperous economic
zone on the west side of the Taiwan Straits, Fujian may only relying on improving its coordinated
degree of regional economy.
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