Chapter 18
The Evolution of Animal
Diversity
PowerPoint Lectures for
Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition
– Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon
Lectures by Chris Romero
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.0 Diversity of animal life
- arose as natural selection shaped animals
by
18.1 Animals
- eukaryotic, multicellular
- that
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
INVERTEBRATES
18.2 Sponges
- have a relatively simple,
- invertebrates (
- have no true
- resemble a thick-walled sac
- perforated with
- thru which water
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.3 Cnidarians
- are animals with
- ex:
- ex:
- are carnivores
- use tentacles to
- and then push it
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.4 Tapeworms
- long,
- parasitic on
- including
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.5 Molluscs
- Gastropods - the largest group of
- ex. - Bivalves
- shells in two halves
- ex. -
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cephalopods
- fast, agile
- ex. - all have large brains & sophisticated
- giant squid is largest of
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.6 Annelids
- segmented
- a segmented body resembling a series of
- earthworms and
- eat their way
- _________________ and _____________
it as they go
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.7 Arthropods
- jointed
- exoskeleton:
- external skeleton that _______________ &
provides
- Crustaceans
- ex. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.8 Insects
- three-part body consisting of:
-
- head -
- three
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.9 Echinoderms
- have
- ex. -
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.10 Chordata
- our own phylum
- characteristics of chordates
-
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.11 Jawed vertebrates (with gills & paired fins)
- ex. - flexible skeleton made of
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.12 Amphibians
- first vertebrates with
- allowing movement
- ex. Larval stage (___________________):
-a legless, aquatic algae-eater with
Adult:
-a terrestrial insect eater with
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.13 Reptiles
ex. -
Reptile adaptations for terrestrial life
- scaly, waterproof skin - body won’t
- lungs for
- __________________________ (terrestrially adapted egg)
Dinosaurs
- reptiles who died out
- but left ________________ as descendants
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.14 Birds
- feathered reptiles with
- likely evolved from small, two-legged
- _______________ evidence - Archaeopteryx
- have relatively large brains and
- male and female cooperation in
-
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
18.15 Mammals
– Hair – Mammary glands – Respiratory and
– Differentiation of teeth for
– Large
– Long period of
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Three main groups of living mammals
• ______________________ - lay eggs
- ex:
• ______________________ - complete
development outside the mother’s body
- ex:
• ______________________ - complete
development before birth
- ex.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings