BSC 2086L - HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II LAB
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Goal:
1. Review the anatomy of the endocrine system.
Objectives:
Glands of the Head and Neck
1. Describe the location and structure of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.
2. List important hormones produced by the hypothalamus & the pituitary gland.
3. Describe the location and structure of the pineal gland.
4. Describe the location and structure of the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid gland
Glands of the Abdomen
5. Describe the structure and location of the adrenal glands.
6. Describe the location and structure of the pancreas.
7. Describe the location & structure of testes in the male and ovaries in the female.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Goal:
1. Review anatomy of the heart & the arterial & venous systems.
Objectives:
Heart
1. Describe the components of the pericardium, the visceral & parietal portions.
2. Describe the external anatomy of the heart & its great vessels, including the
ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery,
left subclavianartery, pulmonary trunk, and sinus venosus.
3. Describe the location of the heart's coronary blood vessels.
4. Describe the heart's internal anatomy, including its chambers, atrioventricular
valves, semilunar valves, papillary muscles, and chordae tendinae.
Arteries
5. Identify the major arteries that supply blood to the head and neck, upper and
lower extremities, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, including the common carotid,
subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, superior mesenteric, inferior
mesenteric, common iliac, and popliteal arteries.
6. Describe the formation of arterial supply to the brain, the Circle of Willis.
7. Identify the major arterial branches of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic
aorta, and abdominal aorta.
8. Describe the anatomical differences between an artery & a vein.
Veins
9. Identify the major veins responsible for returning venous blood to the heart from
the upper and lower extremities, the thorax, abdomen, hips, scalp, head, neck,
face, and shoulder, including great saphenous, femoral, internal and external iliac,
common iliac, inferior vena cava, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric,
superior vena cava, internal and external jugular, brachiocephalic, basilic, and
cephalic veins.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Goal:
1. Review the anatomy of the lymphatic system.
Objectives:
Lymphoid Organs
1. Describe the location of groups of lymph nodes within the body, including the
cervical, axillary, and inguinal nodes.
2. Describe the location of the cysterna chyli.
3. Describe the location & structure of the thoracic duct.
4. Describe location & structure of lymphoid organs, including the spleen and thymus.
5. Describe lymphatic drainage patterns for the head, neck, face, & tongue.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Goals:
1. Review the anatomy of the respiratory system.
2. Describe the pathway of oxygen as it enters the mouth and nose and is finally
exchanged for carbon dioxide at the alveolar-pulmonary capillary interface.
Objectives:
Lungs
1. Describe the gross anatomy of the lungs, including their lobes and fissures.
2. Relate the structure of the diaphragm.
3. Describe the formation & boundaries of the mediastinum.
Lower Airway
4. Describe structures of the lower airway, including the larynx, trachea and
principal bronchi.
5. Using 3D anatomy, identify various components of the respiratory system.
Upper Airway
6. Identify the components of the upper airway, including the nose and pharynx.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Goal:
1. Review anatomy of the digestive system.
Objectives:
Mouth and Esophagus
1. Describe 3 pairs of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, & sublingual glands.
2. Describe the structure of the tongue.
3. Identify the innervation of the tongue.
4. Describe the types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
5. Describe the dental formula for humans.
Stomach and Abdominal Cavity
6. Describe the structure of the esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine
7. Identify the regions of the stomach, small intestine,and large intestine.
8. Describe the structure and Iocation of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
9. Describe the special duct system of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Goals:
1. Review the anatomy of the urinary system.
2. Trace production and modification of urine from glomerulus to the urethral orifice.
Objectives:
Kidneys
1. Describe the interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent
arteriole, efferent arteriole, and peritubular capillaries.
2. Describe the renal vein & its tributaries within the kidney, including the
interlobar vein, the arcuate vein, and the interlobular vein.
3. Identify and describe the functions of the various connective tissues surrounding
the kidneys, including the renal fascia and renal capsule.
4. Describe the location of the adrenal glands, each kidney, and the ureter.
5. Identify the major urine-producing regions of the kidney, the cortex and medulla.
6. Describe the location of the renal pyramids and renal columns.
Urine Pathway and Urinary Bladder
7. Trace the production and elimination route of urine fromthe renal pyramids
through the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
8. Describe structure, function, & location of urinary bladder.
Internal Structures of the Kidney
9. Describe structure & function of the functional unit of the kidney and the nephron.
10. Identify the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Goal:
1. Review anatomy of male & female reproductive system.
Objectives:
Male Reproductive System
1. Describe the location and structure of the male external genitalia, including the
scrotum, penis, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, and testes.
2. Describe the blood supply to the penis, including the dorsal artery of the penis.
3. Describe the location, structure, and function of the male internal genitalia,
including ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gl., & bulbourethral gland.
4. Identify the structures of the male genitalia in a midsagittal view.
5. Describe location & structure of the associated structures of the spermatic cord
6. Describe the location of the important bony landmarks of the male pelvis.
Female Reproductive System
7. Describe the female external genitalia mons pubis, labia, vagina, and clitoris.
8. Describe the structure of female vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries.
9. Identify the female genitalia (both external and internal)