SKELETAL SYSTEM: JOINTS OR
ARTICULATIONS
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY
MARTINI,9 TH EDITION,
Lab Manual Exercise # 12
Competency 4: The Skeletal System
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Describing the general structure and function of
selected articulations
• Distinguishing among the selected types of body
movements.
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• KNEE JOINT
• BODY MOVEMENTS
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• Knee joint- union of condyles of the femur And the
superior condylar surfaces of the tibia
Functions- flexion, extension, & limitated rotation
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Fibular collateral ligament- lateral surface
Tibial collateral ligament- medial surface
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus
Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle- upper one
Patelar ligament- lower one
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TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
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DR ALFONSO A PINO
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KNEE JOINT (ANTERIOR VIEW)
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KNEE JOINT (POSTERIOR VIEW)
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BODY MOVEMENTS
• Flexion- decrease the angle between 2 articulating bones
ex- arms , head, fingers
• Extension- increase the angle between 2 articulating bones
ex- arms, head & neck
• Abduction- to take away from middle line of the body
ex- limbs and fingers
• Adduction- when you bring limbs back to the middle line of the body
• Rotation- movement around a fix angle without lateral displacement.
Types:
1- medial rotation: inward rotation-ex limbs
2- lateral rotation: outward rotation-ex-limbs
3- right and left rotation-ex-head
4- pronation and supination-ex-hands
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• Circumduction- when you make a loop with a limb
With lateral displacement- arm , leg ,thumb
• Pronation- moving palm of hand down
• Supination- moving palm of hand up
• Inversion- inside of your sole moves in
• Eversion- outside of your sole moves out
• Dorsiflexion- you walk on your heals
calcaneus) and lift your toes
• Plantar FLEXION- Walking on your tipitous and lifting your
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heal. Ballerinas
• Protraction- to move forward-ex- jaw and shoulder
• Retraction- to move backwards-ex- jaw and shoulder
• Elevation- to move up- ex-shoulders and jaw
• Depression- to move down ex- shoulders and jaw
MARTINI
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DR ALFONSO A PINO
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• REMEMBER!
GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM
AND PRACTICE WITH MODE
• ROOM 3326
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