ANATOMICAL REGIONS, DIRECTIONS, BODY
CAVITIES. THE CELL
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology. Custom edition for Miami
Dade College-Kendall Campus. BSC2085L by Michael G. Wood.
Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology by martini, 98h edition, chapters
# 1 and 3
Lab Manual:Exercise # 1
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Competency 1: Introductory concepts and terminology in
Human Anatomy
• Upon successful completion of this laboratory, the students
should be able to apply the basic concepts and terminology of
Human Anatomy by:
•
– Demonstrating the anatomical position.
– Listing the directional terminology for the human body.
– Identifying the human anatomical regions.
– Recognizing the different body cavities.
– Competency 2:
– Identifying and describing the different parts of human cells
and their functions.
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Introduction.
• Anatomy is considered the oldest medical science.
• There are Egyptian drawings from 1600 BCE illustrating basic
knowledge about blood vessels.
• The word anatomy has Greek roots as well as physiology.
• Anatomy means “ a cutting open”
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Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy is the study of internal and external structures of the
body and the physical relationship among them.
• Physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their
functions.
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Anatomy and Physiology are closely
integrated
• Anatomical information provides clues about functions, and
physiological mechanisms can be explained only in terms of the
underlying anatomy.
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Medical terminology
• It is the special language that involves the use of word roots,
prefixes, suffixes and combine them to create terms related to
the body in health and disease.
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ANATOMICAL
POSITION
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ANATOMICAL TERMS
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ANTERIOR VIEW 9
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POSTERIOR VIEW10
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS
• DIRECTIONAL TERMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SUPERIOR, INFERIOR
CRANIAL (CEPHALIC), CAUDAL
PROXIMAL, DISTAL
POSTERIOR (DORSAL), ANTERIOR
(VENTRAL)
MEDIAL, LATERAL
RIGTH, LEFT
SUPERFICIAL, DEEP
IMP- LEFT & RIGTH REFER TO THE LEFT &
RIGHT OF THE SUBJECT, NOT OF THE
OBSERVER
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• Anatomical position
• Standing up, looking forward
• Hands at sides with palms facing forward.
• Feet slightly apart
• SUPINE: lying down face up in anatomical
position.
• PRONE: lying down face down in anatomical
position.
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Directional terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anterior: the front; before
Ventral: the belly (anterior)
Posterior or dorsal: the back; behind
Cranial or cephalic: the head
Superior: above; toward the head
Caudal: the tail; at a lower level
Inferior: below; at a lower level
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Directional terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Medial: towards the body’s longitudinal
axis; towards the midsagittal plane.
Lateral: Away from the bodiy’s
longitudinal axis; away from the
midsagittal plane.
Proximal: toward an attached plane.
Distal: Away from an attached base.
Superficial: At, near, or relative close
to the body surface.
Deep: farther from the body surface.
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Sectional planes
•
Transverse or horizontal: it separates
superior and inferior portions of the body
(cross section).
•
Sagittal: it separates right and left
portions.
Midsagittal: it divides the body in
equal right and left.
Parasagittal: It divides the body in
unequal right and left.
•
•
•
Frontal or coronal: it divides the body in
anterior and posterior.
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Abdominopelvic quadrants and regions.
• Abdominopelvic quadrants:
They are formed by a pair of imaginary
perpendicular lines that intersect at the
umbilicus (navel).They are 4 regions.
They are preferred by Clinicians.
• Abdominopelvic regions: there
are 9 abdominopelvic regions. They are
preferred by Anatomists
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REMEMBER:
GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND
PRACTICE WITH MODELS!
ROOM 3326
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