Review Exercises Chapter 17
PSC1515
1. The two most common elements on Earth’s crust are
__________________ and ___________________.
2. The two most common elements on the total Earth
are__________________and __________________.
3. Classify the following as: ferromagnesian silicates (FM), or
nonferromagnesian silicates (NFM), nonsilicates (NS) , or native elements
(NE) of non mineral (NM)
a. quartz________________ b. gold________________
c. diamond______________d. gypsum_____________ f.
e. olivine______________ f. mica________________
j. calcite______________ k. halite_______________
l. talc______________ m. glass______________
4. The geometry of the silicate ion (SiO42-) is _________________.
5. Three characteristics of minerals is that they must be:
a._________________________
b._________________________
c._________________________
6. Distinguish between ferromagnesian and nonferromagnesian crystals on
the basis of density (low (L) or high (H)) and color (light (LI) or dark(D)):
a. ferromagnesian ________ ________
b. nonferromagnesian ______ ________
7. List three characteristics of minerals that can be used to differentiate them:
a.__________________
b.__________________
c.___________________
8. What are the two ways in which minerals can form?
a.________________________________
b.________________________________
9. What two factors are important to obtain larger sized crystals of minerals?
a._______________________________
b._______________________________
10. Ore minerals are those that ____________________________.
11. Fill in the following with rock or mineral:
A ______________is to a__________________ like a substance is to
a heterogeneous mixture.
12. Identify the following as igneous rocks (IR), sedimentary rocks (SR), or
metamorphic rocks (MR):
a. granite_______________ b. basalt________________
c. produced from previously existing rock fragments___________
d. produced from hot, molten magma which cooled off___________
e. produced from deformations of previously existing rocks___________
f. sandstone__________________
g. limestone______________
h. h. marble________________
13. During rock formation, another name for which is ______________, rock
fragments are held together by ___________________.
14. The most useful way to distinguish minerals is by
their_________________. The least useful is by their_______.
15. Identify as either clastic (CL) or chemical (CH) sediments:
a. formed from dissolved rock materials_________
b. formed from fragmented rock materials_________.
Answers:
1. silicon and oxygen 2. iron and oxygen
3. NFM, NE, NE, NS, FM, NFM, NS, NS, NFM, NM
4. tetrahedral 5. crystalline, inorganic, naturally occurring
6. H, D
L, LI
7. hardness, streak, density, crystal form, cleavage, fracture, luster, color.
8. By cooling hot, molten magma, or by crystallizing from aqueous solutions of
dissolved salts.
9. To have slow cooling or dilute solutions.
10. have economic value.
11. mineral rock
12. IR, IR, SR, IR, MR, SR, SR, MR
13. lithification, cement
14. crystal structure, color
15. CH, CL