(Jefferson & Adams)
 Two terms from yesterday:
 Standard Divisor (what you divide by)
 Standard Quota (the result of your division)
Standard Divisor
 The Standard Divisor determines the number of
people needed to get one seat in Congress
 Standard Divisor = Total Population
# of seats
Standard Quota
 The Standard Quota determines the number of
seats a particular group deserves
 Standard Quota = population of subgroup
standard divisor
 Today those two terms will go through a slight
modification…
 You will work with a Modified Divisor
 Smaller than standard (Jefferson)
 Larger than standard (Adams)
 These will yield a Modified Quota
 Different than the standard quota from yesterday
Jefferson’s Method
 There are 2 steps to Jefferson’s Method:
1) Use a modified divisor (smaller than the standard
divisor) to calculate each group’s modified quota
2) Round each modified quota down to the nearest
whole number; the sum of the whole numbers for all
the groups needs to equal the appropriate number of
seats
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
 The Standard Divisor
 1693/25 = 67.72 people needed to get a seat
 The Modified Divisor
 65 people (Jefferson requires it to be smaller)
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Modified Quotas:
916/65 = 14.092
332/65 = 5.1077
244/65 = 3.7538
201/65 = 3.0923
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Round down:
916/65 = 14.092 (14)
332/65 = 5.1077 (5)
244/65 = 3.7538 (3)
201/65 = 3.0923 (3)
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Apportionment:
(14)
(5)
(3)
(3)
Adds up to 25
which is the correct
number of seats
Adams’ Method
 There are 2 steps to Adams’ Method:
1) Use a modified divisor (larger than the standard
divisor) to calculate each group’s modified quota
2) Round each modified quota up to the nearest whole
number; the sum of the whole numbers for all the
groups needs to equal the appropriate number of
seats
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
 The Standard Divisor
 1693/25 = 67.72 people needed to get a seat
 The Modified Divisor
 70.5 people (Adams requires it to be larger)
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Modified Quotas:
916/70.5 = 12.993
332/70.5 = 4.7092
244/70.5 = 3.461
201/70.5 = 2.8511
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Round up:
916/70.5 = 12.993 (13)
332/70.5 = 4.7092 (5)
244/70.5 = 3.461 (4)
201/70.5 = 2.8511 (3)
For Example…
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Apportionment:
(13)
(5)
(4)
(3)
Adds up to 25
which is the correct
number of seats
Notice…they are not always equal
 Mathtown = 1693 citizens
 25 seats on town council
 Four districts:
 District 1 = 916 people
 District 2 = 332 people
 District 3 = 244 people
 District 4 = 201 people
Jefferson
(14)
(5)
(3)
(3)
Adams
(13)
(5)
(4)
(3)
Different Sized Divisors
“My Divisor is too
Small!”
-Jefferson
“My Divisor is too Large!”
- Adams
“My Divisor is
just right!”
- Hamilton
Homework… something to keep you out
of trouble!
 P. 761; #7-13 odd, 14