Name ___________________________________________________________________ Period _______
First Semester Physical Science Review
Unit 1 – Inquiry, Scientific Method & Metrics
1. What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
2. Identify which of the following is an observation and which is an inference and tell why.
a. The price of gasoline is falling. _______________________because________________________
b. Joe is sweating; he must be hot. _______________________because________________________
3. What are two reasons for why the metric system is used by scientists?
4. Convert the following measurements:
a. 3000 mg = __________g
c. 7500 L = ________KL
b. 0.23 cm = __________mm
d. 223 g = ________ cg
5. You have been asked to design a better car seat for infants. In order to judge the success of your design you
must first define your _______________________.
6. What are 2 criteria for your solution?
7. What are 2 constraints, other than cost, for your design?
8. It is determined that once a car seat has been in a car that was involved in an accident, it must be replaced.
This is an _________________________ __________________________ of your solution.
9. You design a car seat that decreases deaths among infants, but broken shoulder
bones increase. This would be considered a
__________________________________________________________.
10. Review notes on graphing and be able to interpret a graph.
a. This graph shows a correlation between __________and___________
b. The independent variable is __________________________________
c. The dependent variable is ___________________________________
11. You want to know how the amount of exercise affects heart rate. You have 5 classmates who are all 16 years
old and in good health. First you test their heart rate after sitting for 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes. Then
you test their heart rate after 1 minute of jumping jacks, 2 minutes of jumping jacks and 3 minutes of jumping
jacks.
a. Identify the Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Control Variables and Experimental Control
Group.
b. How many repeated trials were performed? ______
c. What would increase reliability? ______________________ Validity? ________________________
12. Write a hypothesis for the experiment above.
13. Be able to write a conclusion using Claim, Evidence and Reasoning.
Unit 2 – Motions & Forces
v=d/t
a = vf – vi/tf – ti
W=mxg
a = F/m
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What is speed? What is the formula for speed? What is the common unit for speed?
How does velocity differ from speed? How is it the same?
What is acceleration? What is the formula for acceleration? What is the common unit for acceleration?
Bode runs 50 meters in 10 seconds. What is his average speed?
What is the acceleration of a car that goes from 0 meter/s to 60 meters/s in 15 seconds?
What is negative acceleration?
When a car turns a corner it is accelerating even if it’s speed doesn't change. Why?
Be able to interpret a Position vs. Time graph and a Speed vs. Time graph
What is a force? What is a contact force and an “at a distance” force?
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What is the unit for force?
What is weight? What is the difference between weight and mass?
What is the formula to calculate weight?
What is the weight of a 70 kg boy?
What are the forces on this diagram? Sum the forces.
Summarize Newton’s 1st law.
What is the formula that describes Newton’s 2nd law?
What is the force of a 2000 kg car that is accelerating at 2.5 m/s2?
What is the acceleration of a 5 kg bowling ball that is thrown with a force of 15 N?
How does an increase or decrease in mass affect acceleration? How does an increase or decrease in force
affect acceleration?
33. Summarize Newton’s 3rd law.
How does this drawing show
the 3rd law?
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Unit 3 – Energy
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Ek = ½ x m x v2
Work = force x distance
P = Work/time
Define energy.
What are different types of energy?
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Describe the energy transfers and transformations from a lake through a dam to the lights in your house.
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
What is the unit for energy? Calculate the kinetic energy of a 1 kg football traveling at 5 m/s?
What is work?
What is the unit for work? How much work is done when a 2 kg rock is lifted up 5.5 meters?
What is power?
What is the unit for power? How much power does it take to do the work of #41 in 4 seconds?
Unit 4 – Matter
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A particle with zero charge found in the nucleus of an atom is called a(n):
Atoms of the same element whose nucleus contains different numbers of neutrons are called:
The number of protons in an atom is the:
The mass of an atom is determined mainly by the:
Protons and neutrons are found grouped together in the:
The vertical columns of the periodic table are:
The noble gases such as helium and xenon do not form chemical bonds with other elements because they:
Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table?
What are some characteristics of metals?
Which metals have a tendency to gain two electrons in order to be stable?
On the periodic table where are most non-metals located.
Elements are identified by what number?
An atom that acquires an electrical charge by gaining or losing electrons is known as:
How many valence electrons does an atom in the first period have?
A common isotope of iron (At. # 26) has a mass number of 56. The total number of subatomic particles in the
nucleus is:
How do electrons differ from protons?
How many protons does a carbon atom with a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6 have?
An atom of silicon contains 14 protons and 16 neutrons. What is its mass number?
How many valence electrons are in an atom of aluminum, atomic number 13?
What is the ionic charge for halogens?
If an atom becomes an ion by gaining three electrons, what is its oxidation number (charge)?
Elements in the first column of the periodic table are known as alkali metals. What do these elements have in
common when ionized?
For fluorine:
draw the atom with protons, neutrons and electrons
how many valence electrons does it have?
give its oxidation number (charge)