Name: ___________________________ Date: ____________ Per: __________
Chapter 23: Notes, Continued
Socialism
• Growth of _______________ came about as a result of the grievances by the ________ class
• Redefinition of Karl __________ theories
• Marx saw socialism as the final step in the ____________ march of history
• History is shaped by the availability of the means of _____________, and who owned them.
• Class struggle always pitted a group out of ____________ with the group controlling the means of production.
Socialism
• Who is the new _________ enemy?
• The property-less ________________
• This class would grow uncontrollably until ___________________ was inevitable.
• The _________________ would win, forcing the old bourgeois order out, and…
• __________________ to full freedom, where people would benefit equally from each others work. The state would _____________ to exist.
Socialism
• Identified _________________ evil
• Told workers that their low wages were _______________
• Revolution is _________________-and necessary!
• Germany takes the ____________________ lead!
• Bismarck extends the ________________ throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s
• Socialist political parties capture the ______________ of the workers.
• Western society feared __________________ (red scare)
Socialism
• ___________________: revolution is not needed, but could be achieved through peaceful democratic means.
Feminism
• By 1900, many ______________ movements were active
• Sought equal access to __________, equal pay, higher education, rights to vote (suffrage).
• Lots of support among ______________ class women (especially as family size declines)
• Emmeline Pankhurst-radical _____________ leader
• Worked for improvements in women’s ______________ rights
• Formed a _______________ organization in 1903
• Planted a bomb in St. Paul’s cathedral…engaged in window smashing, arson, and hunger strikes.
• Participated in a huge strike in _________________
Western Mass-Culture
• Middle class becomes more concerned with ___________ as ___________ improve
• Factories produce goods at such a rate that they must encourage mass ___________
Western Mass-Culture
• Mass Leisure culture
• Popular ______________
• Shock and entertainment more than appeal to reason
• Popular ______________
• Comedy routines and musical _______________
• __________________ (seaside resorts)
• ________________ (Olympic games are reintroduced in 1896)

• Growing ________________
Science
• Charles _____________ in
The Origin of the Species
(1859) argues that all living species had evolved to its current form through the ability to adapt in a struggle for _____________.
• Survival of the _________________
• Clashed with traditional ________________ beliefs
• Albert Einstein builds on Newton’s theories of ________________.
• Sigmund Freud argues that the human __________________ can be understood through
Art
____________________ discussion
• A sense of ________________ overtakes the artistic movements of the early 1800’s
• Charles ________ portrays human problems trying to enact reform
• Building on scientific findings, Georges Seurat adopts _________________ based on research on how color interacts with our eyes
• Romanticism: emotion and _______________, not reason and generalization were the keys to human nature
Art: Romanticism
• Portray _________________, madness…not calm reflection
• Move readers to tears, not ____________________
• Painters saw __________________ with natures beauties.
• Post-Romanticism (after 1850) sought to deliberately violate __________ western standards
• Poetry didn’t need to ________________
• Drama didn’t always have ________________
• Painting was more ___________________
Gericault: “The Raft of the Medusa”
Turner, “Rain, Steam, and Speed”
Seurat
The Falling Rocket
Daumier: Third Class Carriage
Whistler, “Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1”
Monet (impressionism)
Monet
Renoir
Picasso
Picasso
The Crystal Palace
The Eiffel Tower
Art: Post-1900
• Painters, sculptors, musicians were becoming increasingly ___________________.
Western Settler Societies
• Western powers pouring out tons of _______________ made goods needed new markets for sales, and raw materials.
• Industrialization spurred western-led world _______________, and the west’s military superiority.
• ______________________ bring guns to more places
• ____________________ gun
Western Settler Societies
• Reasons for European colonial competition:

• _____________________ rivalry
• Business class sees new __________________
• Missionaries see opportunity for ________________________
• Europeans __________ throughout the world creating western settler societies across the globe
The Emerging United States
• Monroe Doctrine (1823) warns against European __________________
• _________________ Purchase, acquisition of Texas, and California Gold Rush extends the US
(________________ Destiny)
• German and Irish ___________________ in 1840’s.
The US Civil War
• 1861-1865
• Industrial North vs. Agricultural __________________ South.
• The south tried _________________, and the north opposes, favoring national unity and an end to slavery
• Accelerated ____________________ for the war effort.
• America becomes a major competitor worldwide after the _____________ war
• America was ______ a large contributor towards art, music, science, culture until after WWI
Canada, Australia, New Zealand
• Immigrants from Europe set up _________________________ legislatures and commercial economies often without regard to indigenous populations.
• Followed western __________________ patterns.
• Part of the British empire, but with perceived ____________________
Canada
• Won by the ____________________ from the French in 18 th C.
• Determined not to lose this colony (as it did with the US), the British grants increasing self-rule in 1839.
• Its own _________________ and laws, but still attached to the British ______________.
• Hostility between French Catholic Settlers and British settlers were solved somewhat by setting up __________________, where the majority of French speaking citizens are located.
• ____________________ connect Canada to the west as it experiences large influx of southern and eastern European immigrants.
Australia
• British colony since 1788 as a ________________ colony
• The only other inhabitants were the _____________________.
• Exportation of _____________________ ended in 1853
• Population reaches 1 million by 1861
• A unified ________________ government was proclaimed on the first day of the 20 th century.
• ____________________, socialism, and a welfare state had already began to grow
New Zealand
• Receives British attention after _______________
• ________________ are converted to Christianity
• British take formal control in _________________; European immigration follows
• Wars with the Maoris plague the 1860’s, but defeat was inevitable and relations improve afterwards. Some Maoris win ___________________ positions in New Zealand.
Diplomatic Tension
• ___________________ of Germany alters the ____________________ of power in Europe.
• By 1900 there are few areas of the world left for colonization
• Latin America was ___________________ (US influence)
• ___________________ was basically carved up

• The final lands available were the subject of increased ___________________ by colonizing nations (Morocco, Tripoli (Libya))
Diplomatic Tension
• Imperialist expansion causes ___________________
• Britain is concerned about __________________ advances (navy)
• France was in constant worry about __________________
• Alliance Systems
• Triple ____________: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Triple ________________: Britain, Russia, France
• _________________ becomes worried about an east-west battle
• _______________ Race
Diplomatic Tension
• Russia suffers from a ________________ in 1905
• Austria-Hungary is plagued by minority ______________ groups asserting their nationalism.
• Balkan nations won their ________________ from the Ottomans throughout the 19 th century.
Balkan nationalism was a threat to Austria, with a large southern Slav population.
• Austria grew nervous over ____________ gains in 1912-1913.
Diplomatic Tension
• With the _______________________ of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian
Nationalist, the ________________ Peninsula is thrown into chaos.
• The _________________ System is activated, and World War I was born
WAR!!!
• Leaders depended on ____________________ buildup for economic purposes
• Mass Newspapers fanned _________________ pride
• Stories of conquest
• Tales of ________________ rival nations
• War was seen as ________________, with quick victories
• _________________ civilians
• Within a couple of years, this attitude would change…drastically.