Name: ______________________________ Date: _________________
Period: ____________
Chapter 15: The West and the Changing World Balance
AP World History II
Key Concepts…
 The Decline of the ____________________ Caliphate, with its fall in __________, and the
disruptions of the Mongolian Empires caused a shift in world ______________.
 ______________ stepped up to the plate early, but was soon followed by Western
________________.
 Western Europe initiated many _____________ changes first, with __________,
______________, and ____________________ leading the way.
Out with the Old…
 1200: Middle East is dominated by two major empires, ________________ and ___________
Caliphate.
Out with the Old…
 By 1400, the ________________ Empire was in decline (with the help of _______________
Turks).
 Constantinople falls in ________________ to the Turks.
 1258: Fall of the last Arab Caliphate (__________________)
 The fall of Islamic ___________________ did NOT delete Islam, nor its empires from the
maps of the world.
__________________ was disrupted, but will rebound by _________________
The ________________ Turks will reestablish much of the power lost by the Caliphate in
the 1500s-1700s.
Transition
 The ____________________ were of the first to develop an alternative ________________
framework.
 Soon after, ________________ would repel the Mongols, leading to a brief era of Chinese
____________________.
 _______________: __________________ Dynasty (lasts until 1644)
China’s Ming Dynasty
 Ming rulers secure China, pushing __________________ to the ________________________.
 Forced ___________________ payments from _______________, Vietnam, and
_______________.
 Early 1400’s: Huge _______________________ expeditions to Southern Asia and beyond.
Zhenghe’s trading expeditions…
 1405-1433: Admiral ____________________, a Chinese ___________________ eunuch.
 Led expeditions that hugged ______________________ coastline
 _______________________ armed troops aboard
 Improved _____________________, and better maps
 Goods for ___________________
The end of Asian expansion
 Zhenghe’s expeditions were called off in ____________________.
 Resented by _______________________ bureaucracy
 Unacceptable __________________ (especially when fighting the Mongols, and building a
new capital city in _________________________)
 Rooted in China’s history of emphasizing ___________________ development, keeping
___________________ development at bay. 
 China squanders the opportunity, but _________________________ becomes stronger as a
result. 
Rise of the West
 Where was the west around 1400?
 The __________________________ (dominant institution of the Middle Ages) was under
attack.
 1215: ________________ ________________________
 Medieval ________________________…not so creative
 Warrior ___________________________…not as warrior-like
 By 1300, ______________________ outpaced food supply…causes _________________
No new food supply ______________________ were discovered.
The Rise of the West
 The ________________ Plague (or, ____________________ Plague):
 Reduces Chinese population by _______________% by 1400.
 Follows trade routes from ________________ to the ___________________ East
 1348-1375: Europe’s worst episode, killing ___________________ people, roughly _____ of
Europe.
The Rise of the West
 How did the West achieve dominance?
 Strengthening of Feudal _____________________________
 ____________________ Years’ War (Britain and France) stimulated _______________
technology
Central power of ________________________ increase
 Christians drove _____________________ out of Spain and Portugal
 Growth of cities spurs __________________ economies centered on commercial
_______________.
 __________________________ continued to expand
The Rise of the West
 How else, then, did the West achieve dominance?
 Mongol domination of Asia in the 13th and early 14th centuries opened up Asian technology to
the Westerners.
___________________ _________________
________________________
________________________
 Ever since the ________________, Europeans had a greater desire for Asian made goods,
resulting in an _________________________ balance of trade, causing a Gold
__________________ that threatened the European economy.
The Rise of the West
 The rise of the Ottoman’s also led to increased fear over a __________________ surge in power.
 Search for new ways ___________________ the newly-developing Muslim Empire
The Rise of the West
 1400’s: Italy, cultural and political movement known as rebirth, or the ___________________
 Stressed more ______________________ subjects
 Realistic portrayals of people and _____________________
 Why Italy?
 Connection to Ancient ___________________
 14th Century: Led the West in _______________________ and trade
Healthy commercial practices gave the money to be able to support ______________
activities. 
Renaissance Culture
 A Cultural Movement
 Practical ethics, urban codes of _____________________
 Art and ___________________ flourish
Themes include nature and ________________________
 Architecture moves from _____________________ to _______________________
Impact of the Renaissance
 Little influence outside of ______________________
 Focused on high culture, not ______________________- culture
 Minimal interest in _____________________
 Not a FULL-break from _______________________ 
 Although, Italian _____________________ proved to be a building block of European power.
 The “Renaissance _____________________________” spurred innovation.
The Iberian Contribution
 Christian leaders had been pushing back ________________________ forces for years. 
 After 1400 regional monarchies had been established in the provinces of _______________ and
__________________-, united in Marriage in __________________.
Ferdinand and Isabella
 Spanish and ___________________ formed a unified agenda for the expulsion of the Muslims,
continued by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella
 Effective armies with _______________________-
 Government should promote _______________________ through conversion.
 Close links between ____________________ and State
Western Expansion…attempt #1
 Early ventures were inhibited by ______________________ barriers. 
 Efforts were underway to improve these technologies through ______________ contacts, who
learned from the ____________________. 
 _______________________ improved
 1498: Vasco de Gama was the first European to reach _______________________ by sea. 
Colonial Patterns
 Prince _____________________ of Portugal (Prince Henry the ______________________) was
a driving force in making the colonies Spain and Portugal already had, ___________________. 
 Student of ________________________ and Nautical Science
 Sponsored a third of Portuguese ventures before his death in __________________.
 Mixture of __________________, knowledge, money, and __________________ motivate
him.
Colonial Patterns
 Iberians set up a system of ___________________________ that would be seen for years to
come. 
 Colonists set up large ___________________ estates for _______________ crops to be sold
on European market.
 Introduced ________________, then cotton and __________________
 Used _______________________ labor from Northwest Africa
 Sound familiar?
What’s going on elsewhere?
 Important note: Changes elsewhere are happening simultaneously, but unrelated to changes in
Europe, Middle East, and Asia.
 Disunity in ________________________ Empires, and overextension throughout the 1400s
caused weakened empires throughout the _________________________
What’s going on elsewhere?
 Polynesia: Expansion beyond the ______________________ Islands (Tahiti, Samoa, and Fiji).
 Migration to __________________, where Hawaiians and Polynesians mixed quickly.
__________________ were imported to Hawaii
Set up regional kingdom structure that was highly _____________________.
Social ______________________ system dominated life
Elsewhere…
 Maori’s migrate from Polynesia _____________________ to New Zealand. 
 Successful adaptation to _______________________ environment.
 Tribal military leaders hold ___________________
 ____________________ will be of the last places to be colonized by Europe later in history.
Put it all together…
 Many changes, if not all, occur independently. Every change is explainable, but their
combination is _____________________________.
 __________________________
 Roles of _______________________
 Impact of _____________________ shifts
 ________________________ movements
 Revolutions in ______________________________