Biology Unit 2 Review: CLASSIFICATION-
Unit covers certain sections of chapters 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26 ; use your textbook as
needed but everything should be in your notebook. Remember you can see the answer key before or after school, ONCE you have it completed.
In addition to this review packet, you should look over your notes, coloring pages, and labs from this unit to fully prepare for the test. This is due on test day!
1. Complete the table below to compare the kingdoms of living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Cell Type
(eukaryote or
prokaryote)
You will NOT get to use your table on this test. You must know this information!
Cell
Number
Energy
Acquisition
Cell Wall
Composition
(uni or multi)
(heterotrophy or
autotroph)
(what’s it made of?)
Examples
Bacteria
None needed.
Archaea
Eukarya
Fill-in:
2. In Taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or __________. Carolus ______________
developed a system that uses 7 catagories. The hierarchy from largest to smallest is __________________, ___________________,
__________________, _________________, __________________, ___________________, ___________________. There were
only 2 kingdoms known to Linnaeus. As biologists learned more (and the invention of the microscope) they divided the living world
into 5 kingdoms. Today we use a ____ kingdom system and have added a larger group called the _______________________. There
are ____ domains: they are ______________________, _______________________ and _______________________.
3. Linnaeus also started the two-word naming system called ___________________ _______________________, which makes up
the scientific name for the organism. The first part of the scientific name is the _________ and the second part is the
________________.
4. A phylogenetic trees and cladograms shows the ______________________ relationships among various biological species that are
thought to have a common ancestor.
5. According to the phylogenetic tree, which
group is most closely related to humans?
_________________
6. Make a * at the spot that indicates the
common ancestor to gorillas and humans.
Place a + at the spot that indicates the organism
that is the common ancestor for all.
Often at the base of a tree, scientist will identify
the common ancestor for the group. It is NOT
identified in this particular diagram.
7. The diagram to the left is a cladogram. Cladistic analysis identifies
and considers specific characteristics which are thought to be
innovations (derived characteristic, something newly introduced/evolved)
when showing relationships. What characteristic separates lizards,
pigeons, mouse & chimp from salamanders?
_______________________________.
8. Which are more closely related:
Perch and hagfish
OR
Perch and lizard
9. Label the cladogram with the information below:
Organism
Earthworm
Trout
Lizard
Human
Hair
absent
absent
absent
present
Legs
absent
absent
present
present
Backbone
absent
present
present
present
humans
10. Label the bacterial shapes with the scientific name/term. 11. On the typical
bacterium- Identify:
A- ______________
B- ______________
C- _______________
J- _______________
F- _______________
nitrogen fixation, binary fission, flagella, protozoa, algae, pseudopodia,
cilia, conjugation, hyphae , mycelium, endospore, heterotroph, autotroph,
Vocabulary terms to know:
12. __________________- tiny filaments that make up fungi
13. __________________- process of converting nitrogen gas to a form of nitrogen that plants can use.
14. __________________- long tail-like appendage for locomotion or feeding, typically 1 or 2
15. __________________- simple form of sexual reproduction where organisms exchange some genes.
16. __________________- tangle or mass of hyphae
17. __________________- organism able to make its own “food” through photosynthesis
18. __________________- dormant form of a bacterium, can become active once condition are right
19. __________________- animal-like protists
20. __________________- tiny hair-like filaments that usually cover the entire cell or organism, for cell movement and feeding.
21. __________________- plant-like protists
22. __________________- extensions of the cell’s cytoplasm that allow the cell to crawl.
23. _________________- ingests other organism as “food”
24. _________________- organism divides in half, asexual reproduction
For 25-51 you may want to refer to the word box below for help. Try to do them without looking!
These suggestions may help- some are not used at all:
mycelium
E. coli
conifers
mushrooms vertebrates
unicellular chitin
backbone dorsal nerve cord
angiosperms
bilaterally peptidoglycan
gill slits
multicellular antibiotics
limbs
bryophytes
absorption
bacteria
nucleiod
diatoms
spores
cellulose
tail
algae circular
gymnosperms prokaryote(s) eukaryote(s)
radially vascular
disease
hyphae
base
harsh
protozoa
invertebrates
conjugation
organic
notochord
mosses
contractile vacuole macronucleus
Eubacteria
25. The kingdom Eubacteria contains ______________________ that have ___________________ in their cell walls.
26. Some Eubacteria cause ________________________, some are decomposers and some “fix” nitrogen, some are used to make cheese and
yogurt, while others form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. An example of a symbiotic relationship that is mutualistic (both
organisms benefit) is the bacteria that lives in human intestines called _______________________.
27. The DNA in the prokaryotic cell is in ___________________ form and found in the area called the ______________________.
28. Bacteria can be killed using _________________________ which destroy the cell wall.
Archaebacteria
29. Archaebacteria lack ___________________ in their cell walls. Their membranes and cell walls are quite different from other bacteria.
30. Archaebacteria are adapted to thrive in very ___________ environments (high temperature, no oxygen, high salinity…).
Protista
31. Kingdom Protista is a very diverse kingdom. The kingdom can be broken into 2 parts: the animal-like protists which are called
____________________________ and the plant-like protists which are called __________________.
32. Protozoa are __________________________ (one cell) and are motile.
33. Many protozoa reproduce asexually, but are able to alter their DNA(exchange some genes) through _________________________.
34. Algae called ______________________ are geometrically shaped and have a hard outer shell made of silicon dioxide (glass).
35. A common, filamentous green _____________ called Spirogyra has chloroplasts (green organelles) that form spiral shapes within their cells.
36. Protists are typically _____________________ although there are some multicellular algae.
37. Algae are protists that can be found at the ___________________ of many food chains.
Ex: algae -> shrimp -> fish -> sea gull
A
38. Identify:
A- __________________
B
B- __________________
C- __________________
C
Fungi
39. The basic structure of the fungus is thin strands of cells called ____________________ that form tangled masses called
___________________________.
39. The cell wall of fungal cells have _________________.
40. Mycelium form different shapes which distinguishes different phyla within the kingdoms. Some make cup shaped structures, other form
____________________ some of which are edible and some are poisonous. Others form tiny stalks (bread mold).
41. Fungus are heterotrophs that get their nutrients by _____________________.
42. Fungi reproduce by making ____________________ either asexually or sexually.
43. Fungi are considered saprobes (or saprophytes) because they obtain food from dead_______________________matter.
54. Some fungi cause ____________, some are decomposers, some form symbiotic relationships with other species (example- lichens).
Plantae
45. The plant kingdom is very diverse and includes 4 major groups; _______________________, ferns, ____________________ and
angiosperms (flowering plants). All plant cell walls contain _______________________.
46. The plant kingdom can be broken into 2 groups based on whether the plants can move water and nutrients called
______________________________ and those that can’t called non-_________________________________.
47. Non-vascular plants are commonly known as ______________________ and can only be found in moist habitats. Mosses are small and short
so that water can be absorb directly from the soil into cells.
48. Plants that make cones are in the group _______________________.
Animalia
49. Animalia is a diverse kingdom that can be divided into two large groups the __________________________ (sponges, cnidarians, worms,
insect, mollusks and sea stars) and the______________________________ (found in the phylum Chordata).
50. All Chordates have 4 characteristics in common: __________________________________(may form vertebral column/backbone),
______________ ________________, ______________________, a dorsal ______________ _________________.
51. Animals show different types of symmetry. Humans are _______________________ symmetric. Jelly-fish are _________________
symmetric and some animals (sponges) have no symmetry.
52. Identify the organisms above.
a. _____________________
b. ______________________
c- ______________________
53. Which move and what structures do they use?
a. Move? _____ structure? ______________
b. Move? _____ structure? ____________
c. Move? _____