RNA
- ribonucleic acid
- a single stranded nucleic acid that is involved in making proteins
- carries the information from the DNA out of the nucleus
and into the cytoplasm of the cell
3 Differences Between DNA and RNA
1.
DNA is double stranded
RNA is single stranded
2.
DNA has deoxyribose sugar
RNA has RIBOSE SUGAR
( type of sugar in RNA )
3.
RNA has a base called URACIL instead of thymine
A pairs w/ U
C pairs w/ G
3 Kinds of RNA
1. RIBOSOMAL RNA - rRNA
- RNA that makes up part of the ribosomes
2. MESSENGER RNA - mRNA
- RNA that brings coded DNA message to ribosomes
3. TRANSFER RNA
- tRNA
- RNA that carries amino acids to mRNA
at ribosomes
Memory Notes *
ribosomes *
amino acids *
DNA’s code -
site of protein synthesis
building blocks of proteins
the order of the bases
TRANSCRIPTION
How RNA is Made
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TRANSCRIPTION - the process of making RNA from DNA
Steps of Transcription
1. DNA uncoils and an enzyme breaks the
weak hydrogen bonds.
2. DNA molecule splits open.
3. RNA nucleotides are then paired
up w/ DNA molecule.
4. An enzyme connects RNA nucleotides together.
5. The single-stranded RNA molecule separates from
the DNA and moves out into the cell.
QuickTime™ and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
From RNA to Protein : PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSLATION translating the code of DNA into proteins
- DNA codes for RNA (transcription)
- RNA then codes for the order of amino acids
in proteins (translation)
How Translation Works
1. DNA codes for RNA (transcription)
2. mRNA moves out of the nucleus to ribosomes
3. mRNA CODONS (3 bases on a row on mRNA)
code for a specific amino acid.
4. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes and
puts them in order according to the mRNA codons.
5. Once the amino acids are in order, this is a protein.
Memory Notes *
There are only 20 amino acids.
DNA - TAC CTA AAA GCG ACT
mRNA - AUG GAUUUU CGC UGA
Protein- Met- Asp A- Phe- Arg- STOP