Read each question and fill in the proper answer.
1.
Label EVERY sugar (S), phosphate (P), and nitrogen base (A, T, C, G) in the diagram below.
#2
2.
Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. What is this called? _____________________
3.
What is the special shape of DNA called? _________________________________________
4.
Which type of chemical bonds will join the two DNA bases? _________________________
5.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? _______________________________
6.
Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)
Sugar Phosphate Base
7.
Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)
Sugar Phosphate Base
DNA Replication (Review your notes on “replication” to help you answer these questions.)
8.
Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture. (on the next page)

9.
Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture. Be sure to include the names of any enzyme involved.
_______________ _______________ _______________
____________________ _____________________ _____________________
____________________ _____________________ _____________________
____________________ _____________________ _____________________
10.
Replicate this strand of DNA: ACTGCCATTGAC
DNA and RNA Comparison
11.
Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have been provided.
DNA
Molecule full name Deoxyribonucleic
Name of sugar
Acid
Nitrogen Bases
Present mRNA
Ribose tRNA
Adenine, Uracil,
Guanine, Cytosine
Function Store Genetic information
12.
For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA.
_______ Holds the original coded information for making proteins
_______ Can replicate itself
_______ Copies DNA’s coded message
_______ Carries amino acids to the ribosome for assembly
_______ Found in the nucleus only
_______ Found in the cytoplasm only
_______ Found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm
_______ Carries the coded message to the ribosome

Transcription and Translation : Use the picture to answer the questions 11-13.
13.
Describe what is forming and happening in AREA A of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14.
Describe what is being gathered and happening in AREA B of the diagram.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15.
Describe what is being assembled and happening in AREA C of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

16.
If a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be? _______________
17.
If a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be? ___________
18.
Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation? ___________________________
19.
Which amino acid does every protein begin with? _________________________________
20.
Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation? ___________________________
21.
What bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein? ________________________
22.
From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. (Remember to always use the mRNA to code for the amino acid.)
DNA
mRNA tRNA Amino Acid
23.
From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information.
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid
24.
From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information.
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid
25.
Follow the rules of transcription and fill in the boxes below? Ask yourself…what does transcription make?
26.
Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules of translation and fill in the tRNA strand below?

27.
Which two amino acids does the following DNA strand code for?
28.
Using the codon chart, what codons specify for leucine? List all of them.
Mutations
29.
What is a gene mutation?
30.
Give 3 examples of gene mutations.
31.
What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more: point or frameshift mutation and why?
32.
What is a chromosomal mutation?
33.
Give 2 examples of chromosomal mutations.
34.
Label each type of mutations below. Are they gene mutations or chromosomal mutations?