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1A
Describes the nonliving part
of the environment, including
water, rocks, light, and
temperature
Abiotic
1B
Describes the living factors in
the environment
Biotic
1C
A relationship between two
organisms in which one
organism benefits and the
other is unaffected
Commensalism
2A
An organism, usually a
bacteria or fungus, that
breaks down the cells of dead
plants and animals into
simpler substances
Decomposer
2B
A relationship between two
species of organisms in
which both benefit from the
association
Mutualism
2C
The process by which individuals that are
better adapted to their environment survive
and reproduce more successfully than less
well adapted individuals do
Natural Selection
3A
The function of an organism
in a community of plants and
animals
Niche
3B
A relationship between
organisms in which one lives
and feeds off of another
Parasitism
3C
The process by which plants,
algae, and some bacteria use
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to make food
Photosynthesis
4A
An animal or other organism
that feeds on dead organic
matter
Scavenger
4B
A relationship in which two
different organisms live in
close association with each
other
Symbiosis
4C
A characteristic that improve
an individual’s ability to
survive and reproduce in a
particular environment
Adaptation
5A
An organism, usually an
animal, that feeds on plants
or other animals
Consumer
5B
The single pathway of energy
transfer through various
stages as a result of the
feeding patterns of a series of
organisms
Food Chain
5C
A diagram that shows
multiple feeding relationships
between organisms in an
ecosystem
Food Web
6A
An organism, as a plant, that
is able to produce its own
food
Producer
6B
A small, rocky object that
orbits the sun, usually in a
band between the orbits of
Mars and Jupiter
Asteroid
6C
A small body of ice, rock, and
cosmic dust that follows an
elliptical orbit around the sun
and that gives off gas and
dust in the form of a tail as it
passes close to the sun
Comet
7A
A term that is used when
referring to the moon.
Lunar
7B
A bright streak of light that
results when a meteoroid
burns up in the Earth’s
Atmosphere
Meteor
7C
A meteoroid that reaches the
Earth’s surface without
burning up completely
Meteorite
8A
A type of wave, such as light
waves or radio waves that do
not require a medium to
travel
Electromagnetic Wave
(EM Wave)
8B
The smallest particle of an
element that has the chemical
properties of that element
Atom
8C
The path that a something
follows as it travels around
something else in space
Orbit
9A
A natural or artificial object
that revolves around a planet
Satellite
9B
Energy that travels across
distances in the form of
electromagnetic waves
Radiation
9C
An event in which the shadow
of one object falls on another
Eclipse
10A
The motion of an object that
travels around another object
in space; one complete trip
along an orbit
Revolution
10B
The spin of an object on its
axis
Rotation
10C
An object in space consisting
of a mass of gas held
together by its own gravity in
which energy is generated by
nuclear reactions
Star
11A
A star that is the basis of the
solar system and that
sustains life on Earth, being
the source of heat and light.
Sun
11B
The movement, formation, or
re-formation of continents
described by the theory of
plate tectonics
Continental Drift
11C
The central part of the Earth
below the mantle
Core
12A
The break in a body of rock
along which one block slides
relative to another
Fault
12B
The solid, outer layer of the
Earth that consists of the
crust and the rigid upper part
of the mantle
Lithosphere
12C
The molten rock material
under the earth's crust, from
which igneous rock is formed
by cooling
Magma
13A
The layer of rock between the
Earth’s crust and core
Mantle
13B
The process in which material
is laid down or dropped off
Deposition
13C
The process by which wind,
water, ice, or gravity
transports soil and sediment
from one location to another
Erosion
14A
Dark, organic material formed
in soil from the decayed
remains of plants and
animals
Humus
14B
Produced under conditions
involving intense heat, as
rocks of volcanic origin or
rocks crystallized from molten
magma
Igneous
14C
Rocks that have recrystallized in a solid state as
a result of changes in
temperature, pressure, and
chemical environment
Metamorphic
15A
A rock formed by
consolidated sediment
deposited in layers
Sedimentary
15B
The transfer of light energy to
particles of matter
Absorption
15C
The maximum distance that
the particles of a waves
medium vibrate from their
rest position
Amplitude
16A
A spiral-shaped cavity of the
inner ear that resembles a
snail shell and contains nerve
endings essential for hearing
Cochlea
16B
Curved like the inner surface
of a sphere
Concave
16C
The flow of thermal energy
through a substance from a
higher-to a lower-temperature
region
Conduction
17A
A shortening, shrinkage, or
reduction in length or size
Contraction
17B
The transfer of thermal
energy by the circulation or
movement of a liquid or gas
Convection
17C
Having a surface or boundary
that curves or bulges
outward, as the exterior of a
sphere
Convex
18A
The process of using
reflected sound waves to find
objects, used by animals
such as bats and dolphins
Echolocation
18B
An increase in extent, size,
volume, or scope
Expansion
18C
The number of waves
produced in a given amount
of time.
Frequency
19A
A device that produces a very
narrow, highly concentrated
beam of light
Laser
19B
A ground or molded piece of
glass, plastic, or other transparent
material with opposite surfaces
either or both of which are curved,
by means of which light rays are
refracted so that they converge or
diverge to form an image
Lens
19C
The black circular opening in
the center of the iris of the
eye, through which light
passes to the retina
Pupil
20A
The transfer of energy as
electromagnetic waves
Radiation
20B
The bouncing back of a ray of
light, sound, or heat when the
ray hits a surface that does
not go through
Reflection
20C
The bending of a wave as the
wave passes between two
substances in which the
speed of the wave differs
Refraction
21A
A delicate, multilayered, lightsensitive membrane lining the
inner eyeball and connected
by the optic nerve to the brain
Retina
21B
An interaction of light with
matter that causes light to
change its energy, direction of
motion, or both
Scattering
21C
A system using transmitted
and reflected underwater
sound waves to detect and
locate submerged objects or
measure the distance to the
floor of a body of water
Sonar
22A
The passing of light or other
forms of energy through
matter
Transmission
22B
The measure of the size of an
object or region in threedimensional space
Volume
22C
The number and variety of
organisms in a given area
during a specific period of
time
Biodiversity
23A
The part of Earth where life
exists
Biosphere
23B
The largest population that an
environment can support at
any given time
Carrying Capacity
23C
The process by which cells
use oxygen to produce
energy from food
Cellular Respiration
24A
Green pigment that captures
light energy for
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
24B
The burning of a substance
Combustion
24C
All of the populations of
species that live in the same
habitat and interact with each
other
Community
25A
The chemical makeup of a
rock; describes either the
minerals or other materials in
the rock
Composition
25B
The preservation and wise
use of natural resources
Conservation
25C
The boundary formed by the
collision of two lithospheric
plates
Convergent Boundary
26A
A funnel shaped pit near the
top of the central vent of a
volcano
Crater
26B
The thin and solid outermost
layer of the Earth above the
mantle
Crust
26C
Any pieces of information
acquired through observation
or experimentation
Data
27A
The time required for Earth to
rotate once on its axis
Day
27B
The most common unit used
to measure loudness
Decibel
27C
The breakdown of
substances into simpler
molecular substances
Decomposition
28A
The ratio of mass of a
substance to the volume of
the substance
Density
28B
The boundary between two
tectonic plates that are
moving away from each other
Divergent Boundary
28C
An observed change in the
frequency of a wave when
the source or observer is
moving
Doppler Effect
29A
A reflected sound wave
Echo
29B
The study of the interactions
of living organisms with one
another and with their
environment
Ecology
29C
A community of organisms
and their abiotic environment
Ecosystem
30A
A substance that cannot be
separated or broken down
into simpler substances by
chemical means
Element
30B
The capacity to do work
Energy
30C
A triangular diagram that
shows an ecosystem’s loss of
energy, which results as
energy passes through the
ecosystem’s food chain
Energy Pyramid
31A
The point on Earth’s surface
directly above an
earthquake’s starting point, or
focus
Epicenter
31B
A boundary where two
tectonic plates push together
Convergent Boundary
31C
The point along a fault at
which the first motion of an
earthquake occurs
Focus point
32A
The remains or physical
evidence of an organism
preserved by geological
processes
Fossil
32B
A force that opposes motion
between two surfaces that
are in contact
Friction
32C
A collection of stars, dust,
and gas bound together by
gravity
Galaxy
33A
A thin outer layer of rock
above a planet’s mantle that
includes all dry land an ocean
basins
Crust
33B
A planet that has a deep,
massive atmosphere such as
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or
Neptune
Gas Giant
33C
A method of using scientific
equipment to gather
information about something
from a distance
Remote Sensing
34A
A measure of the ability of a
mineral to resist scratching
Hardness
34B
An explanation that is based
on prior scientific research or
observations that can be
tested
Hypothesis
34C
The combination of two or
more waves that results in a
single wave
Interference
35A
The energy of an object due
to the objects motion
Kinetic Energy
35B
The sudden movement of
rock and soil down a slope
Landslide
35C
A summary of many
experimental results and
observations; tells how things
work
Law
36A
The law that states that
energy cannot be created or
destroyed but can be
changed from one form to
another
Law of Conservation of Energy
36B
The distance that light travels
in one year; about 9.46 trillion
kilometers
Light-year
36C
An environmental factor that
prevents an organism or
population from reaching its
full potential of distribution or
activity
Limiting Factor
37A
The way in which a mineral
reflects light
Luster
37B
Basic unit of measure in
science with the symbol, m
Meter
37C
A naturally formed, inorganic
solid that has a definite
chemical structure
Mineral
38A
A pattern, plan, representation,
or description designed to show
what something looks like or
how it works, of an object,
system, or concept
Model
38B
What does N.A.S.A stand for?
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
38C
Substance responsible for
giving plants their green
appearance and helps plants
conduct photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
39A
A large cloud of gas and dust
in interstellar space; a region
in space where stars are born
or where stars explode at the
end of their lives
Nebula
39B
The process of obtaining
information by using the
senses
Observation
39C
Organism that eats both
plants and animals
Omnivore
40A
Describes and object that is
not transparent or translucent
Opaque
40B
A natural material whose
concentration of economically
valuable minerals is high
enough of the material to be
mined profitably
Ore
40C
The presence of too many
individuals in an area for the
available resources
Overpopulation
41A
A substance that gives
another substance or a
mixture its color
Pigment
41B
How high or how low a sound
is perceived to be, depending
on the frequency of the sound
wave
Pitch
41C
The theory that explains how
large pieces of the Earth’s
outermost layer, called
tectonic plates, move and
change shape
Plate Tectonics
42A
A group of organisms of the
same species that live in a
specific geographical area
Population
42B
The energy that an object
has because of the position,
shape, or condition of the
object
Potential Energy
42C
An organism that eats all or
part of another organism
Predator
43A
An organism that is killed and
eaten by another organism
Prey
43B
The transfer of energy as
electromagnetic waves
Radiation
43C
A series of processes in
which a rock forms, changes
from one type to another, is
destroyed, and forms again
by geological processes
Rock Cycle
44A
A series of steps followed to
solve problems
Scientific Method
44B
A wave of energy that travels
through the Earth and away
from an earthquake in all
directions
Seismic Wave
44C
A tracing of the earthquake
motion that is created by as
seismograph
Seismogram
45A
An instrument that records
vibrations in the ground and
determines the location and
strength of an earthquake
Seismograph
45B
The study of earthquakes
Seismology
45C
The point at which the sun is
as far north or as far south of
the equator
Solstice
46A
A longitudinal wave that is
caused by vibrations and that
travels through a material
medium
Sound Wave
46B
A group of organisms that are
closely related and can mate
to produce fertile offspring
Species
46C
When the moon at any time
after new moon and before
full moon, its illuminated area
is increasing.
Waxing
47A
The moon at any time after
full moon and before new
moon, the illuminated area is
decreasing
Waning
47B
The color of the powder of a
material
Streak
47C
The point on an orbit when
sunlight shines equally on the
Northern hemisphere and
Southern hemisphere equally
equinox
48A
The replacement of one type
of community by another at a
single location over a period
of time
Succession
48B
A dark area of the
photosphere of the sun that is
cooler than the surrounding
areas and that has a strong
magnetic field
Sunspot
48C
A block of lithosphere that
consists of the crust and the
rigid, outermost part of the
mantle
Tectonic Plate
49A
The measure of how hot or
cold something is;
specifically, a measure of the
average kinetic energy of the
particles in an object
Temperature
49B
A measure of the amount of
matter contained in or
constituting a physical body
Mass
49C
One of the most highly dense
planets nearest to the sun;
Mercury, Venus, Mars, and
Earth
Terrestrial Planet
50A
The temperature at which a
specified liquid boils;
212°F or 100°C
Boiling Point
50B
An explanation that ties
together many hypotheses
and observations
Theory
50C
The transfer of energy as
heat through a material
Thermal Conduction
51A
A material through which
energy can be transferred as
heat
Thermal Conductor
51B
The kinetic energy of a
substance’s atoms
Thermal Energy
51C
The point at which two
objects that are touching
reach the same temperature
Thermal Equilibrium
52A
An increase of the size of a
substance in response to an
increase in the temperature
of the substance
Thermal Expansion
52B
A material that reduces or
prevents the transfer of heat
Thermal Insulator
52C
The temperature at which a
liquid freezes or becomes
solid: 32°F or 0°C
Freezing Point
53A
The temperature at which a
specified solid becomes liquid
Melting Point
53B
The periodic rise and fall of
the water level in the oceans
and other large bodies of
water
Tide
53C
Capable of being dissolved
solubility
54A
The boundary between
tectonic plates that are sliding
past each other horizontally
Transform Boundary
54B
Describes matter that
transmits light but that does
not transmit and image
Translucent
54C
The passing of light or other
form of energy through matter
Transmission
55A
Describes matter that allows
light to pass through with little
interference
Transparent
55B
The process by which plants
release water vapor into the
air through stomata, also
release of water vapor by
other organisms
Transpiration
55C
A liquid substance used to
dissolve other items
Solvent
56A
An opening at the surface of
the Earth through which
volcanic material passes
Volcano
56B
The substance you dissolve
into a liquid
Solute
56C
A periodic disturbance in a
solid, liquid, or gas as energy
is transmitted through a
medium
Wave
57A
The distance from any point
on a wave to an identical
point on the next wave
Wavelength
57B
What a thing is made up of;
substance or material
Matter
57C
The process by which rock
materials are broken down by
the action of physical or
chemical processes
Weathering
58A
An original, full-scale, and
usually working model of
something that exists already,
or something that has not yet
been created
Prototype
58B
The tools and techniques for
carrying out plans
Technology
58C
A changeable aspect of a
situation that can be
manipulated or measured
Variable
59A
The act of reasoning from
factual knowledge or
evidence
Inference
59B
Waves that moves at right
angles or perpendicular to
the direction in which the
wave travels
Transverse Waves
59C
Something that is an
advantage
Benefit
60A
Wave in which movement is
in the same direction that the
wave travels
Longitudinal Waves
60B
The range of all
electromagnetic frequencies.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
(EM Spectrum)
60C
The unit used to measure
wave frequency.
Hertz (Hz)
61A
The unit used to measure the
intensity of a sound wave
Decibel (dB)
61B
A resource that forms at a
rate that is much slower than
the rate at which it is
consumed
Nonrenewable Resource
61C
Law of physics that states
that the angle at which light
strikes a surface equals the
angle at which it reflects off
the surface
Law of Reflection
62A
Earth’s average distance from
the Sun (approx. 93 million
miles)
Astronomical Unit (A.U.)
62B
The type of telescope that
uses various systems of
mirrors for viewing the image
by reflecting the incident light
to an eyepiece
Reflecting Telescope
62C
A telescope in which a large
lens causes light rays to
converge to a focus, forming
an image magnified by an
eyepiece
Refracting Telescope
63A
The largest population that an
environment can support at
any given time
Carrying Capacity
63B
To transfer pollen from a stamen
to the upper tip of the pistil of a
flower
Pollination
63C
Gaps or tiny holes, mostly on the
underside of leaves, for gas
exchange (oxygen/carbon dioxide)
Stomata
64A
The first species to move into
a lifeless environment
Pioneer Species
64B
A mountain that is formed as
continental crust is compressed
and rocks bend into large folds
Folded Mountain
64C
A mountain that forms as blocks of
rock move up or down along normal
faults in areas where the lithosphere
is being pulled apart
Fault-Block Mountain