Bell Ringer: Work with a partner to complete the textbook
scavenger hunt from last class. Remember, your text is the
orange one with the bird on it.
Elements of Fiction
What are the ingredients
of a great story?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
What do you already know?
1. A lesson or idea about life that the story reveals is a
a. theme
b. character
c. plot
2. The most suspenseful moment in a story is its
a. point of view
b. conflict
c. climax
3. A story with an all-knowing narrator has _________ point of view.
a. third person b. vantage
c. first-person
4. The series of events that make up a story is the
a. conflict
b. plot
c. theme
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
What do you already know?
1.
The protagonist is the main character of the story.
a. true
b. false
2.
External conflicts may be struggles between
a. a person and another person c. a person and nature
b. a person and a group
3.
d. all of the above
What is tone?
a. the stylistic elements
b. the author’s attitude
c. the diction of the author
d. The mood of the story
The Main Ingredients
Fiction’s main
ingredients are





Plot (Setting)
Conflict
Characters
Point of View
Theme
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
© 2002-2003 clipart.com

Plot

Plot is the sequence of events in a
story. Plot tells “what happens.”

There is a natural pattern of how the plot
happens in stories, and we call this
pattern, the plot line.

Good readers know what part of plot is
happening at different times in the story.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Plot Line
Climax: The turning point. The
most intense moment (either
mentally or in action.)
Falling Action: all of the
action which follows the
Climax.
Exposition: The start of the
story. The way things are
before the action starts.
Resolution: The
conclusion, all
conflicts are
resolved.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Setting

The setting is where the story happens
at, usually known as the Time and the
Place. Setting can also include the
atmosphere.

Setting can include




The geographical location (Sterling)
The time period (1902, or 2400)
The specific area or space (Sterling Middle School,
the backyard)
The atmosphere (cold, dark night or bright, sunny
afternoon)
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
What Is Conflict?

Conflict is a struggle or clash between
opposing characters or opposing forces.

Conflict is
the driving force of a story.
 the problem that the characters must solve or
overcome.

 Without
plot.
conflict there is no
Two Main Types of Conflict

Two basic types of
conflict are


External Conflict
Internal Conflict
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
External Conflict
External conflict is a struggle between a
character and some outside force—another
character, a group, or nature (can be
supernatural, too).
Amanda Trimble

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Internal Conflicts
Internal conflict is a
struggle between
opposing desires or
emotions within a
person.

Internal conflicts
may take place
within a character’s
mind or heart.
Amanda Trimble

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Types of Conflict
Person VS Person
Person VS Nature
Person VS Society
Person VS Himself
Person VS Supernatural
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Characters

Characters are the people (or animals
and things presented as people)
appearing in a literary work.

We learn about characters by what they
say, do, think, and how they act.
Protagonist

Antagonist

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Point of View


the perspective from
which a story is told.
In first-person
point of view, one
of the characters,
using the personal “I rapped on the cottage door
and wondered why it was taking
pronoun I, is telling Granny so long to answer. Finally
the story.
I heard a hoarse voice cry,
“Come in, Little Red.”
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Different Points of View
In the Third-person
LIMITED point of view 

In an Third-person
OMNISCIENT point of view,
a distant narrator knows
only the thoughts of the
main character, and uses
pronouns like he and she.

Riding Hood rapped on the
cottage door and
wondered why it was
taking Granny so long to
answer. Finally, she heard
a hoarse voice cry, “Come
in, Little Red.”

a distant narrator knows
the thoughts of every
character, and uses
pronouns like he and she.
“As Little Red Riding Hood
rapped on the cottage door,
the Wolf finished tying
Granny’s wrists and shut her
in the closet. The Wolf
wriggled into Granny’s
nightgown, scrambled into
bed, and cried out, “Come in,
Little Red.”
Practice with
“The Most Dangerous Game”
p. 38



Before Reading: Assess your views on
topics found in the story.
While Reading: Record the main events
of the story on a plot line.
After Reading: Reevaluate your views
on the topics in the story.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Now, let’s do a deeper
reading!
It isn’t enough to simply identify
the elements of a short story. You
also need to be able to analyze
these elements.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
1. Characterization


Characterization is how a writer reveals
character. There are two types of characterization:
direct and indirect.
When an author uses direct characterization,
he/she directly states a character’s traits.

Example: “He was a tall man past middle age, for his hair

No interpretation necessary!
was a vivid white; but his thick eyebrows and pointed
military mustache were as black as the night from which
Rainsford had come” (Connell 44). ~ Zaroff
Characterization Continued

Indirect Characterization allows the reader
to INFER the characters traits through what a
character





SAYS,
DOES,
THINKS and
How other characters respond to that characater
Break here for practice with characterization…
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
2. Theme

Theme is an idea about life that the
story reveals. Theme is the author’s
message.




What is one theme of
TMDG?
Usually the theme is not stated directly in
the story. You have to figure it out.
Theme is a complete sentence!
There can many themes in a single story.
When looking for themes, think of which
things are repeated throughout the story.
These must be important to the author.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
There is more!

To analyze literature you
will need to do more than
just look at the main
ingredients of ______,
_______, __________,
_________, _______, and
________. You will also
need to interpret stylistic
choices of the author.
3. Figurative Language



Expressions, which put aside literal meanings
in favor of imaginative connections,
describing one thing in terms of another.
Examples: metaphor, simile, personification,
analogy, symbolism, allusion, and imagery
It is called figurative language because you
have to figure it out.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Types of Fig. Language







Analogy: A comparison of an unfamiliar object or idea to
a familiar one.
Metaphor: direct comparison without like or as
Simile: Comparison using like or as
Hyperbole: a grand exaggeration
Irony: something that happens that is the opposite of
what is excepted.
Symbolism: when one thing stands for or represents
another.
Personification: giving human qualities to non-human
things.
Figurative Language Continued
Figurative Language Challenge:
 Pick TWO of the following visuals. Write
a sentence using figurative language
that ties your chosen visual to “The
Most Dangerous Game”

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
PICK TWO:
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
4. Tone




The attitude an author takes toward his/her
subject, audience, and characters.
Established by careful selection (diction) and
placement (syntax) of words, and by
purposeful use of details and images.
Tone is the hallmark of a writer’s personality!
Mood is the emotional effect that the story
creates.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Tone vs. Mood
Mary Poppins Trailer
Watch the Mary Poppins Trailer. Write
down two words to describe the tone
two words to describe the mood.
 Scary Mary Poppins Trailer
Watch this version of the trailer and write
down two words to describe the tone
and two words to describe the mood.

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
Tone Continued


Think Fast: What is the primary tone of “The
Most Dangerous Game,” in your opinion?
______________________________
Identify a text example and page number
showing this tone.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. Style
Style is defined as the way in which an
author chooses to write.
 Style is not what is said, but how it is
said.
 Literary style may be described in a
variety of ways, such as formal,
conversational, journalistic, wordy,
archaic, poetic, or dynamic.

Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?
6. Style Continued

Elements of style include

Break here for practice with style!
Complete style chart analysis of Richard
Connell’s style in “TMDG.”
descriptive writing,
word choice (diction), sentence length, tone, figurative
language, dialogue, strong verbs, adjectives, difficult
vocabulary, and point of view.
Objective: Students will recognize that figurative language enriches text.
understand that word structure aids comprehension of unfamiliar and complex words and the relationship
between an author’s style and literary effect.
Essential Question(s): How does today’s piece of literature exemplify the elements of literature we discussed
today?