Experimenter
Stanley Milgram
Soloman Asch
Leon Festinger
Brief Description of
Experiment
Teacher to apply electric
shocks when learner does
not answer questions
correctly
Select the line in a triad
that matches the stimulus
line. Would people go
along w/a group even if the
answer is wrong?
Gave 2 different groups
either $1 or $20 to lie
about boring tasks to
future subjects
Latane & Darley
Created non-emergency
situations to test the
bystander effect and the
diffusion of responsibility.
Muzafer Sherif
Boys’ camp study where
an emergency situation
required group cooperation
Aronson &
Gonzales
Rosenthal &
Jacobsen
Philip Zimbardo
Norman Triplett
Jane Elliot
Devised a teaching
strategy making Anglo and
Hispanic kids
interdependent upon each
other
Teachers were told prior to
school year to expect
certain kids to “bloom”
academically during the
year
Simulate a prison setting
at Stanford and assign
roles of “prisoners” and
“guards” to students
Looked at the effect of an
audience when learners
had learned task well or
were just beginning to
learn it
Divided her class into “blue
eyes” and “brown eyes”.
The “blue eyes” were the
“better” kids.
Results
Key Concept
66% of subjects
delivered what they
thought to be a
maximum of 450 volts
Subjects conformed
1/3 of the time when
the confederates
(accomplices) voted
unanimously.
***Why?***
$1 group changed
their perception of the
task from boring to
interesting. $20 group
resolved themselves
for lying b/c they were
paid handsomely
People help when they
think they are alone,
but the larger the
group present, the
less likely anyone is to
act (Kitty Genovese)
Two previously
competitive groups
worked together to
solve a problem
Raised self efficacy
(value) of minority
children and reduced
prejudice on part of
Anglo children
Teacher expectations
did come true –
bloomers did prove
more successful than
non-bloomers
Simulation cut off in 6
days b/c of sadistic
guards and ethical
violations
Well-learned tasks
were enhanced by
audience and newly
learned tasks were
impaired when
audience was present
Blue eyed kids looked
down on brown eyed
kids, and brown eyed
kids saw themselves
as inferior.
Obedience to
authority figures
 Conformity
 Normative
Influence
 Social Influence
Cognitive Dissonance (The
$1 group couldn’t justify their pay
being worth the $ so they
changed their dissonance w/how
they felt about the task.)
 Bystander
Intervention
 Diffusion of
Responsibility
Contact Theory
Jigsaw
Classroom
Self-fulfilling
Prophecy
Social Roles
 Social
Facilitation
 Social
Impairment
 Self-fulfilling
Prophecy
 Discrimination