Name: ______________________________________________________ Date: ______________________
DNA and Protein Synthesis Extra Credit
1. What is the function of DNA? _____________________________________________________
a. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? _______________ Prokaryotic? _____________
2. Nucleic acids are made of many repeating monomers called __________________.
a. Name all 3 parts of this monomer. ____________________________________________
b. What type of bond forms between the nitrogenous bases? _______________________
i. A and T have how many bonds? _____________ G and C? ___________
c. How many rings do purines have? ___________ pyrimidines? ______________
i. A and G are _____________________ and T and C are _____________________
3. DNA is copied during a process called ____________________________.
a. The strands of DNA that are produced during replication are called semi-conservative meaning
they contain one _____________ strand and one _____________ strand.
4. Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins for your body’s basic needs.
Process
1. Transcription
Where this step takes place
Describe what takes place
2. Translation
5.
From this section of DNA: ATG- AGG- CTA- ACG- TCA
a. Write the mRNA code that would be transcripted: ______ - ______ -______ -______ -______
b. Write the tRNA code that would be translated: ______ - ______ -______ -______ -______
6. Fill in the following Charts
Type of RNA
Function
1.
2.
3.
Characteristic
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribose sugar present
Deoxyribose sugar present
Adenine nucleotide present
Thymine nucleotide present
Uracil nucleotide present
Guanine nucleotide present
Cytosine nucleotide present
Formed from nucleotides
Double stranded
Single stranded
Remains in the nucleus
Moves out of the nucleus
Contains multiple types
DNA
RNA
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Answer the following questions based on the tutorial AND your class notes.
Tutorial Video: http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1302
1. What does the cell receive that tells it that a protein needs to be made? _______________
2. What part of the DNA molecule ultimately codes for the protein? ___________________
3. Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? _____________________
4. What two enzymes moves along the template strand of DNA to make mRNA?
___________________ and ________________________
5. Messenger RNA will form the following strand off of the template DNA:
DNA
T – A – C – A – G – G – C – C – A –T –A – A – C – G – A – A – C – T
mRNA
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6. How does the DNA leave the nucleus? ______________________
7. What three units come together at the ribosome to complete translation? ________________,
__________________, and ___________________.
8. How many bases are read at a time? ________
9. What is this code from the mRNA called? _______________
10. What six amino acids are being coded for by the mRNA strand in the tutorial:
________ - _________ - _________ - _________ - _________ - ________
11. What is the name for the tRNA that carries the three bases and the amino acid? _____________
12. How is the answer to # 9 related to the answer to #11? _________________________________
13. How what type of bond links the amino acids together? ________________________
14. Name three combinations of mRNA code that will stop the translation _______, ______, ______
15. What is formed when the entire message is read and the amino acids are linked together?
______________________________________________________________________________
16. What happens to the final product that is released from the ribosome complex?
______________________________________________________________________________
17. What is true of both the mRNA and tRNA after the protein is made? ________________________
18. Where is mRNA made? ____________________________
19. Where is tRNA found? _____________________________
20. Where is rRNA found? _____________________________