Chapter 17 pt. 2:
Cognitive and
Biomedical Therapy
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bell Ringer: AP Psych Review Guide Questions (10)
Notes: Finish Therapy (25)
Table of Current Therapy (10)
Mental Health Video Clip and quick question. (10)
Eugenics in Virginia Debate (30)
HW: Work on Review Guide, Ask Questions, Study, AP
Exam is on Monday!!
The Most Dominant Therapy is the
Cognitive Approach
Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy assumes that
thoughts exist between events and
responses. A person’s response depends
on how they interpret the situation.

Aim of Cognitive therapy is to teach
people new and more realistic, helpful,
and adaptive patterns of thinking and
acting.
Negative Thought Patterns
(Cognition) Leads to Depression
Lost job
Internal beliefs:
I’m worthless.
It’s hopeless.
Depression
Lost job
Internal beliefs:
My boss is a jerk.
I deserve something better.
No
depression
Methods of Cognitive
Therapy
Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive
Therapy (NOT IN BOOK)
 Albert
Ellis believed that people’s selfdefeating thoughts led to self-defeating
behaviors.
 He promoted a form of treatment known
as Rational Emotive Therapy: involves
getting patients to recognize the
irrationalities within their thought patterns
and helping them create healthier forms
of thinking and behaving.
Aaron Beck and Cognitive
Triad

Cognitive Triad looks at what a person
thinks about his or her self, their world,
and their future.

Depressed people tend to be negative
about all three.

The goal is to change their often
irrational thinking.
Effectiveness of Cognitive
Therapy
Family and Group Therapies
 Less
costly and time consuming therapy is
often effective b/c it helps people see that
they are not alone in their problem.
 Family Therapy: assumes no person is
an island and that we grow in relation to
our families but we also seek to
differentiate from them which leads to
friction.
 Therapy focuses on maintaining
healthy relationships.
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy?
How do We Evaluate?
 Regression
towards the Mean:
the tendency for unusual emotions
(depression/sadness) or events to
return (regress) toward their average
state with time.
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy?
How do We Evaluate?
 In
order to test impact of treated vs.
untreated, studies using metaanalysis must be used.
 Meta-analysis: procedure for
statistically combining the results of
many different research studies to see
what is truly effective.
Meta-analysis Illustrates
Success of Psychotherapy
Who Conducts Therapy?
Who Conducts Therapy?
 Clinical
psychologists
–Most are psychologists with a Ph.D. and
expertise in research, assessment, and
therapy, supplemented by a supervised
internship.
–About half work in agencies and
institutions, half in private practice.
Who Conducts Therapy?
 Clinical
or Psychiatric social worker
–A two-year Master of Social Work
graduate program plus postgraduate
supervision prepares some social
workers to offer psychotherapy, mostly
to people with everyday personal and
family problems.
Who Conducts Therapy?
 Counselors
–Marriage and family counselors
specialize in problems arising from
family relations.
–Pastoral counselors provide
counseling to countless people.
–Abuse counselors work with
substance abusers and with spouse
and child abusers and their victims.
Who Conducts Therapy?
 Psychiatrists
–Physicians who specialize in the
treatment of psychological disorders.
–Not all psychiatrists have had
extensive training in psychotherapy,
but as M.D.s they can prescribe
medications. Thus, they tend to see
those with the most serious problems.
–Many have a private practice.
Therapies outside of
Psychotherapy Are Often
Biomedical
 The
biomedical perspective
focuses on altering body
chemistry.
 Biomedical perspective is
rooted in discoveries of
psychopharmacology:
study of the effect of drugs
on the mind and
behavior.
Social Effects of Drug
Treatments
State and county
mental hospital 700
residents, in
600
thousands
500
Introduction of antipsychotic drugs
Rapid decline
in the mental
hospital
population
400
300
200
100
0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Year
Drug Treatments:
Antipsychotics
 Antipsychotics
are used to treat psychotic
disorders like schizophrenia.
 Antipsychotics helps those experiencing
both positive and negative symptoms.
 Most Common Examples:
–Thorazine: alleviates
delusions/hallucinations.
–Clozaril: alleviates negative symptoms
and social withdrawal.
Drug Treatments:
Anxiolytics (Anti-Anxiety)
 Anti-Anxiety
drugs depress nervous
system activity.
 Often most heavily abused prescription
drug.
 Most common examples are:
–Valium
–Librium
–Xanax
Drug Treatments:
Anti-depressants
 Most
anti-depressants increase the
availability of norepinephrine and
serotonin which elevates arousal and
mood.
 Most common examples are:
–Prozac
–Zoloft
–Paxil
Drug Treatments:
Bipolar Disorder
 The
salt lithium is most
frequently used to treat
the mood swings of
bipolar disorder.
 Decreases
adrenaline
and increases
serotonin.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
(ECT)
 Electroconvulsive
Therapy: used to
treat the severely
depressed after other
treatments have failed.
 Success rate is high.
 Side effects can
include some
memory loss.
Psychosurgery is Most Drastic
Intervention
 Psychosurgery
involves removing or
destroying brain tissue in an effort to
change behavior.
 Best known procedure is a lobotomy:
Ice pick like instrument is put through the
eye sockets cutting the links between the
frontal lobes and the emotional
control centers. Used to be used to
“cure” uncontrollably violent patients but
now very rare.
Lobotomy

Practice

Using your notes read the 4 scenarios and
decide which therapy is being used.

Then on the back you be the psychologist
and decide the therapy that would work
best for each patient.