HIV
Human Immunodeficiency
Disease
Some people want to believe that HIV/AIDS
is no longer a problem, but . . .
. . . and there is no cure.
Differences between HIV and AIDS
HIV
• human immunodeficiency
virus
• HIV finds and destroys a
type of white blood cell (T
cells or CD4 cells) that the
immune system must have
to fight disease
Electron microscope image of HIV, seen
as small spheres on the surface of
white blood cells.
www.cdc.gov
AIDS
• acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
• final stage of HIV infection
• When someone has one or
more specific infections,
certain cancers, or a very low
number of T cells, he or she is
considered to have AIDS.
Transmission of HIV
Is NOT transmitted by
IS transmitted through
• Objects: a toilet seat, drinking
fountain, doorknob, dishes,
drinking glasses, food, or pets.
• Having sex (anal, vaginal, or
oral) with someone infected
with HIV
• Sharing needles and syringes
with someone infected with
HIV
• Being exposed (fetus or infant)
to HIV before or during birth
or through breastfeeding
• HIV can be transmitted
through blood infected with
HIV.
• Insects such as mosquitoes
•
–
–
–
–
Day-to-day activities:
shaking hands
hugging
a casual kiss
sharing eating utensils
Treatment
• Treatment can help people at all stages of HIV
disease.
• Anti-HIV medications can treat HIV infection;
they cannot cure HIV infection.
• HIV treatment is complicated and must be
tailored to individual needs.
• HIV positive persons may need to continue
taking medications for the rest of their lives.
Health
Consequences
of HIV/AIDS and
Pregnancy
• Women can pass HIV
to their babies.
• Without treatment or
breastfeeding, 1 in 4
(25%) will be infected.
• With treatment, fewer
than 2% will be
infected.
Women who are or
could be pregnant
should be tested for
HIV.
Opportunistic Infections
and Complications
Diseases can include:
 Cancers, such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma
 Pneumonia
 Tuberculosis
 Other STDs
 Other bacterial infections
Symptoms can include:
Breathing problems
Fever
Weight loss
Change in vision
Diarrhea
Skin rashes and itching
HIV can make it
easier for the person
infected to become
sick and/or die from
other diseases.
Information and Services for Prevention
• Information on abstinence and safer sex:
– Online (AdvocatesforYouth.org, SIECUS.org, iwannaknow.org, cdc.gov,
greaterthan.org, http://www.epi.state.nc.us/epi/hiv/)
– Texting (BrdsNBz Text Message Warm Line)
• BrdsNBz is available to any teen in North Carolina. To use it: Text “NC” to
36263 to opt in. You only need to opt in once. Text your question to 36263.
You’ll get an auto response and then your personalized answer within 24
hours.
– Community (NC Division of Public Health and local health
departments/clinics)
Information and
Services for
Prevention
Behavior:
Sexual abstinence and avoiding IV drugs are the only
CERTAIN ways to not get infected with HIV.
Products:
Condoms: can be purchased at drug stores or the local
public health department. Some health departments
provide condoms at no cost.
* Latex condoms are highly effective against HIV if used correctly and consistently.
HIV Testing Services
• Testing for HIV and other
STDs is available at the
local health department
or other community
agencies.
• Testing is low-cost or free
and confidential.
• NC has FREE testing sites.
http://www.epi.state.nc.us/epi/hiv/
To Prevent HIV, Youth Need to
Analyze Influences on Their Behavior
•
•
•
•
Parents
Family members
Friends
Teachers, counselors,
medical professionals,
mentors
• Community resources
• Culture
• Media
The media often uses sex to
attract readers and viewers.
Frequently the media
dismisses the possible
negative consequences of
sexual activity.
What references to sex,
sexuality, and romance are
implied in this cover of
Cosmo Girl?
The top story on Teen
People's first cover
sums it up: "Celeb
Couples Share Their
Love Secrets."
To Prevent HIV, Youth
Need Communication
& Negotiation Skills
• Communication of values and
expectations
• Refusal of unwanted behaviors
• Feelings about unwanted
pressures
• Negotiation of activities
consistent with personal
values (hopefully that would
never be unprotected sex)
To Prevent HIV, Youth Need to Develop
Goal-Setting, Decision-Making and
Problem-Solving
• Consider future goals
and what it takes to
realize one’s dreams
• Consider options
• Consider barriers and
obstacles
• Consider support
needed to be
successful in life
Living with HIV/AIDS
• 1.1 million people in the U.S are
living with HIV
• More than ½ million Americans
have died of AIDS since the first
cases were diagnosed in 1981.
• Persons living with HIV or AIDS
need care and compassion.
• HIV/AIDS does not discriminate,
neither should we.
Worldwide Pandemic
• 31.3 million
adults and 2.1
children are
living with HIV
• 2 million people
died of AIDS in
2008
What Do Persons
Living with HIV Need?
• Appropriate medical
care
• Compassion
• Understanding of
what does NOT cause
HIV
• Respect
References
• www.cdc.gov
• http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/
• http://www.avert.org/worlstatinfo.htm
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
What is it?
• HPV is the most widely spread sexually transmitted
disease (STD)
• It is caused by a virus, and there are over 40 types of
HPV that can infect the genitals
How do you get it & what does it do?
• HPV is transmitted by
intimate skin-to-skin
contact
• MOST (90%) people’s
immune systems clear
HPV on their own
• This virus can cause
genital warts and cancers
– Most common cancer:
cervical
What about testing/treatment?
• Testing for genital warts if visible
• Testing for cervical cancer: Pap test and
pelvic exam for anyone sexually active
• Treatment for genital warts: different
procedures and medications
• Treatment for cervical cancer: highly
treatable if caught early
Because HPV is a virus, there is no cure.
Prevention
• Vaccinate
 Females (ages 9 – 26):
Gardasil and Cervarix
 Males (ages 9 – 26):
Gardasil
• Abstain from sexual activity
• Avoid intimate sexual skinto-skin contact
• Use condoms correctly and
consistently (can reduce but
not completely eliminate
risk)