Independence in India and
Middle East
Agenda
1. Quick Review Africa and Apartheid (5)
2. Lecture Notes: India and Gandhi/Middle East
Issues (20)
3. Gandhi Primary Source Document, the British
View. (10)
4. Radio Broadcast: Gandhi (5)
5. Political Cartoon Analysis: Gandhi and Indian
Independence (6)
6. Golda Meir Analysis (10)
7. CCoT Outline (20)
Indian Independence
• Gandhi began by looking at
villages that were
unhygienic and rampant
with crime.
• He instilled confidence in
the villagers as they cleaned
up the area, Britain took
notice.
• Gandhi is charged with
creating unrest, and his
supporters rally for release.
• Non-violence movement
begins..
Mohandas Gandhi
• He ran the Indian
National Congress
• Instead of an elite
group, it allows for
mass participation.
• Independence from
Britain through the
boycott of goods.
Breakdown
• While Gandhi is in
prison, the Congress
divides.
• Hindu vs. Muslims
• Quit India
– Movement of civil
disobedience to quit any
industry that promoted
British Interests. Country
comes to a standstill.
Assassination of Gandhi
• He is shot three times on his
way to prayer. 1948.
• Afterwards, India mourns
the loss, but strengthens
the independence.
• Several referendums added
after his death.
• Independence granted in
1947, chaos results, but
Republic is formed in 1950.
What I want you to, to understand, if you can, is that the message of peace,
the message of Asia, is not to be learned though European spectacles, through
the Western spectacles, not by imitating the methods of the West, the
gunpowder of the West, the atom bomb of the West. If you want to give a
message of change to the West, it must a message of love, it must be a
message of truth. There must be a conquest...(applause)..please, please,
please, that will interfere with my speech, and that will interfere with your
understanding also. I want to capture your hearts, and don't want to receive
your claps. Let your hearts clap, in unison with what I'm saying, and I think I
shall have finished my work. Therefore I want you to work with the thought
that Asia has to conquer the West. Then the question that a friend asked
yesterday, did I believe in one world? Of course I believe in one world. And
how can I possibly do otherwise? When I become an inheritor of the message
of love that these great unconquerable teachers left for us. You can re-deliver
that message now, in this age of democracy, in the age of awakening of the
poorest of the poor. You can re-deliver the message with the greatest
emphasis; then you will complete the conquest of the whole of the West. Not
through vengeance because you have been exploited, and in the exploitation,
of course, I want to include Africa.''
Middle East
• Mandate System ends
after World War II,
leading to independent
nations.
• Conflicts over new
nations and religious
differences.
Middle East
• New State of Israel formed in
1948.
• Conflict with Palestine and the
Gaza Strip
• Golda Meir
– First woman Prime Minister of
Israel, 1969.
– Ruled during Yom Kippur War in
1973
• Egypt and Syria attacked Israel.
• Psychological effects of conflicts
in the Middle East…
• United States Major ally.
Middle East
• Gamal Abdel Nasser
• Led Egypt
• Authoritarian, but led a
revival of the arts.
• Attempted to nationalize
Suez Canal, general
neutralism during Cold War
led to Western tensions.
• Fighting with Israel during
Six-Day war led to
humiliation and an increase
in tensions that would
continue with Israel.
Questions for Newspaper Article
• Skim the article, don’t
focus on every word.
• Answer the following
questions.
• How do the British
describe their role in
India?
• What will happen if
they leave?
• How is Gandhi
characterized versus the
people of India?