World History & Geography II – SOL Review – Overview 1st Semester
World Religions
1.
What do Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common?
2.
What are the holy books for Islam, Christianity, & Judaism?
3.
What are the dominant religions of India?
4.
What is the dominant religion in East Asia and Southeast Asia?
5.
What is the traditional religion of Japan?
6.
Where does the greatest population of Hindu people live today?
7.
Where does the greatest population of Muslim people live today?
8.
What religious movement led the creation of Israel?
Renaissance
9.
What were three consequences of the end of feudalism?
10. What trade route was used to travel from East to West Asia (China to Persia)?
11. What West African empire was at its height in the 14th & 15th Centuries?
12. What is humanism?
13. Why is the Magna Carta important?
14. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
15. What invention led to the spread of literacy and use of the vernacular?
Reformation
16. Martin Luther, a 16th Century monk, challenged the Catholic Church with his list of complaints called The _______________
________________, resulting in the creation of a new Christian denomination known as _______________________.
17. What was one important belief of Calvinism?
18. Who believed salvation could be achieved by faith alone?
19. What is the name of the church created by Henry VIII?
20. Who were the Huguenots?
21. What war was fought in Europe as a result of conflict between Catholics and Protestants?
22. What is secularism?
23. How did the Catholic Church try to counter (oppose) the spread of the Reformation?
24. What was the first full-length book translated and printed on the Gutenberg printing press?
25. What is considered to be the first modern-day novel written by the Spaniard Cervantes?
26. What playwright gained fame during the late Renaissance?
Age of Exploration
27. What were three major reasons for the beginning of European exploration?
28. Who first rounded the southern tip of Africa?
29. What Portuguese king was known for his enthusiasm for exploration and his school of navigation?
30. What technological advancements helped the Europeans travel overseas?
31. Who first circumnavigated the globe?
32. What is mercantilism and how did it encourage the possession of overseas colonies?
33. What conquistador invaded the Aztec Empire of Mexico?
34. What conquistador invaded the Incas of South America?
35. What type of exploration did the French pursue in North America and how was this different from Spain and England?
36. What was the Line of Demarcation? Why was it drawn and by whom?
37. What is a cash crop?
38. What were three reasons slavery began?
39. What is the Middle Passage?
40. What is Triangular Trade?
41. What is the Columbian Exchange?
42. What countries focused on establishing trading posts in the East Indies and along the Indian and African coastlines?
43. What were three reasons the Europeans were able to easily dominate the indigenous tribes of the Americas?
44. Outline the Spanish hierarchy in the American colonies.
45. What did the French come to the Americas for?
16th Century Empires
46. Where was the Ottoman Empire located and what was its capital after 1453?
47. What Ottoman ruler is known for establishing a diverse empire with religious tolerance and fair, just laws?
48. What branch of Islam was encouraged by the Ottoman Empire?
49. Who ruled during the Golden Age of Mughal India?
50. Who is known for the building of the Taj Mahal?
51. What two East Asian countries established closed door policies (isolationism) in the 17 th & 18th Centuries?
Scientific Revolution
52. Who first questioned the geocentric theory?
53. Who first built a telescope to support the heliocentric theory?
54. Who discovered the laws of gravity?
55. Who discovered blood circulation and the role of the heart?
56. Who first discovered the elliptical motion of the planets?
Absolutism
57. What is divine rule and who practiced this type of leadership?
58. Who ruled Prussia as an absolute monarch?
59. Who ruled Russia as an absolute monarch and what city became a symbol of his power and enthusiasm for westernization?
60. What female monarch ruled Austria-Hungary during the Age of Absolutism?
61. What was the Glorious Revolution?
Enlightenment
62. What is the English Bill of Rights?
63. What was the Enlightenment?
64. What Enlightenment philosopher believed that people were entitled to the natural rights of life, liberty, and property?
65. What Enlightenment philosopher believed man was essentially evil and brutish and needed to be ruled by a strict dictator?
66. What Enlightenment philosopher believed man was good and governments had a responsibility to protect the people and if
they did not live up to that expectation they could be overthrown?
67. What Enlightenment philosopher believed that government is a social contract between the rulers and the people?
68. What Enlightenment philosopher believed that government should protect religious freedom, tolerance and freedom of
speech?
69. What Enlightenment philosopher believed the government should be divided into three branches so that no one group is more
powerful than another?
70. What aspects of the new American government were influenced by the Enlightenment philosophy?
18th Century Independence & Nationalism
71. What is nationalism?
72. Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
73. Who is Count Cavour?
74. Who is Otto von Bismarck? What was the political philosophy of Bismarck?
75. Otto von Bismark famously said “The great questions of the day will not be settled by means of speeches and majority
decisions but by iron and blood.” What does this mean?