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Changed the nature and impact of European
overseas expansion
◦ No More:
 Spices and Manufactured goods
◦ 2 Things Europe now wanted:
1. Raw materials ( metals, oils, dyes, textiles)
2. People to buy the goods
 This was how to justify colonization
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Religion
◦
The state was no longer pushing for conversion
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Tropical dependencies:
◦ Africa, Asia, and South Pacific
◦ Small number of Europeans to control a large
number of natives
◦ Often comes about slowly
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Settlement Colonies
◦ Canada & Australia
 Decedents of European settlers made up most of the
population
◦ South Africa, Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia,
New Zealand and Hawaii
 Combo
 Many thousands of Europeans settle there
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Slowly
Manipulating the local tribes and groups to
fight with each
Manipulate the situation so that you back the
winning side and you get rewarded with land
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Access to vast amounts of natural resources
throughout the world
Advances in chemistry: explosives
Mobile artillery
Breech loading rifles
Railroads
Steam ships, iron hulls and cannons
Resistance is futile
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Most populated island in Indonesia
Dutch slowly took control of the smaller
Islands
◦ Spices
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Gradually the Dutch took the land by taking
advantage of tribal rivalries
◦ Starts in 1600s and have control by 1830
◦ Very different
“The Crown Jewel of the British Colonies?
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British East India Company
◦ Very corrupt over time
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The British “Raj”
◦ British political establishment in India
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The British were able to consolidate power
slowly due to the infighting of the Indian
Princes
◦ No feeling of India nationalism
◦ It was hard to appeal to the defense of the
homeland
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They were fighting on a global scale at this
time
British won all but the Americas
◦ (the French helped the US)
◦ Wins the rest of India
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The Sepoys were doing the fighting for this as
well
◦ The India people fought the battle for the European
 Sounds like a good deal
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Boers: Dutch people
◦ Moved in 1600s
◦ Created two states in
the northern part of
South Africa
The Dutch had been
there for awhile and
were not up on all
the new things that
have developed in
Europe
British tried to
colonize in 1800s
1st Boer War (18801881)
◦ “Great Trek” the Dutch
move to escape British
rule
 Orange Free State
 Transvaal
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British and Boers war
with each other and
the Bantu people aka
Zulus
Boers dominate the
British military:
Guerilla Tactics
British give up and
sign a peace treaty
2nd Boer War (18991902)
 Gold discovered in
Transvaal
◦ The British want it
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Boers dominate at
the beginning
◦ Trench war, total war
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Boers eventually lose
because they are
outnumbered
American soldiers
volunteer for action
in South Africa to
fight with the Boers
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The Europeans put themselves at the top of
the social hierarchy no matter where they are
Realized they couldn’t live like they did in
Europe
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Housing
Dress
Food
Entertainment
relationships
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Started to see the culture of the colonized
areas as inferior
◦ Open disdain
◦ White racial supremacy (laws)
◦ Mental and moral superiority
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If the natives inferior education and moral
intellect were permanent than there is no
reason to socialize with them
◦ Reason for colonization