The Counter-Reformation
aka the Catholic Reformation
The Complutensian Polyglot Bible
Gasparo Cardinal Contarini, a Catholic reformer
Reginald Cardinal Pole, another reform-minded
Catholic leader
Juan de Valdes (+1541), Spanish humanist
Vittoria Colonna (1490-1547), friend of humanists and love interest of
Michelangelo (the sketch of her to the left is by Michelangelo
)
Giulia Gonzaga (1512-1566), Italian noblewoman and friend of
Juan de Valdes
Peter Martyr Vermigli, Italian reformer
Charles V,
the Holy
Roman
emperor
(Titian
portrait)
The Landgrave
Philipp of Hesse
(1504-1567) –
a strong supporter
of the Reformation
… and a bigamist
Philipp of Hesse and
Christine of Saxony
Margarethe von der Saale,
Philipp of Hesse’s second wife
Maurice of Saxony, Protestant
duke and leader, 1521-1553
Pope Paul III
(1534-1549)
The Council of Trent (1545-1563)
The Inquisition
Tomas de Torquemada, inquisitor
Philip II, King of Spain (r.1554-1598)
Index of
Prohibited
Books
Ignatius
Loyola,
founder
of the
Society
of Jesus
(S.J.)
Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises
St. Teresa of Avila, founder of
the Discalced Carmelites
The Ecstasy
of
St.Theresa,
by
Gianlorenzo
Bernini
(ca 1650)
St. John of the Cross, another
Spanish mystic
A Golden Age in Spain for the arts coexists with
this outpouring of religious fervor; sometimes the
two overlap (see El Greco’s paintings, e.g.)
El Greco’s The Burial of Count Orgel
(1586-1588)
El Greco’s View of Toledo (1596-1600)