Chapter 16
16.1: Review – wind is an agent of change. Wind transports silt, clay, and sand. Windblown sand weathers rock surfaces. Winds deposit particles in distinctive formations such as sand dunes.
Sand dunes at Jockey’s Ridge State Park, NC
Sand Dunes at Death Valley

Satellite view of a dust storm
Desert pavement

16.2 Waves in the Sea: Most waves are caused by winds. Important features of waves are height, wavelength, period, and speed. Wave motion changes as waves approach the shore.
Vocabulary:
Wave height
Wave length
Refraction
Wind creates waves at sea

Water moves in a circular pattern

Waves approach shore at an angle

Waves refract as they reach shore
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When water depth equals about half of wavelength,
Waves begin to touch bottom
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Circular wave motion is disrupted and waves break

Currents form, including: backwash, longshore, and rip

Wave Refraction
Refraction causes waves to converge on headlands and diverge in bays . This means that the energy of the waves is concentrated on the headlands rather than on the beaches.

16.3 Shoreline features: Waves erode shorelines and deposit sediments in characteristic formations.
Vocabulary:
Beach
Sandbar
Fjord
Shore line Features
1. Made by erosion
Notches, sea cliffs, sea caves sea arches, sea stacks
2. Made when sediments are deposited
Beaches, sandbars, spits, hooks, barrier islands

Sea Cliffs
Sea Cave

Sea Arches
Sea Stacks

BEACHES
Sand bars

Spits
Figure 176. Aerial photograph map of
Sandy Hook, New Jersey.

Barrier Island