Warm Up
 What
was the James-Lange Theory?
 What was the Cannon Bard Theory?
 What was the Schacter Theory?
 What is a polygraph?
 What is Catharsis?
 What is the feel- good, do –good
Phenomenon?
 What is Subjective Well Being?
What Makes you Stressed?
Chapter 14 pt. 2: Stress and
Health Continued

Persistent Day to Day Stress
May Lead to Burnout
 Burnout:
physical,
emotional, and
mental exhaustion
brought on by
persistent job-related
stress.
 Often common in
teachers, nurses, and
police officers.
Stress and Heart Disease
 Although
relatively rare in 1900, by the
1950s coronary heart disease has become
the leading cause of death in
America.
 Coronary Heart Disease: when
vessels of heart are clogged which
stops heart muscles from being nourished.
 Many behavioral factors help contribute to
this disease but stress is also a major
factor.
Hopelessness and Heart
Disease
Hopelessness
scores
3.5
3
2.5
Men who feel extreme hopelessness
are at greater risk for heart attacks
and early death
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Heart attack
Low risk
Death
Moderate risk
High risk
Personality Type and Heart
Disease
 Type
A Personality: competitive,
hard driving, impatient, verbally
aggressive, and anger prone people.
 Type B Personality: easy-going and
relaxed people.
 Whose at greater risk for heart disease?
Stress Related Illnesses
 Psychophysiological
Illnesses:
“mind-body” illnesses. Physical
illnesses caused by stress.
 Ex: Hypertension and some
headaches.
 Blood pressure also increased by
too much stress.
 Are also referred to as
Psychosomatic disorders.
Somatoform Disorders (Not In
Book)
 Somatoform
Disorder: illnesses
where you have some physical
symptoms without an apparent
physical cause. Illnesses are said to be
psychological in nature.
 Theories about causes of somatoform
disorders are often rooted in
psychoanalytic theory.
 Illnesses are often referred to as
“Hysteria.”
Examples of Somatoform
Disorders
 Conversion:
when a person converts
intense emotional difficulties into the
loss of a specific physiological
function.
 Ex: blindness or paralysis without a
physical cause.
 Symptoms often have sudden onsets,
terminations, and reappearances.
 Behavior is unintentional and and outside
of the conscious control of the patient.
Examples of Somatoform
Disorders
 Hypochondriasis:
is
when a healthy
person becomes
preoccupied with
imaginary ailments.
Person is genuinely
convinced they are ill.
 Often associated with
OCD and anxiety
disorders
Examples of Somatoform
Disorders
 Factitious
Disorder: an
illness whose symptoms are
either self-induced or
falsified by the patient.
 Sometimes patients lie about
disorder to get attention or
sympathy; others are often
interested in receiving drugs Factitious
or other benefits associated Ulcer
with the feigned illness.
Fighting Disease With Immune
System
 Lymphocytes:
 Main
defender against disease in
immune system made up of two
types of white blood cells.
 B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow
and release antibodies that fight bacterial
infections
 T lymphocytes form in the thymus and,
among other duties, attack cancer cells,
viruses and foreign substances
Fighting Disease with Immune
System
 Macrophage:
other agent of
immune system which identifies,
pursues, and ingests harmful
invaders.
Problems with Immune System
Immune System can either react too strongly
or under react to harmful bodies.
 Over-reaction causes body to attack its own
tissues. Ex: arthritis, allergies, lupus, M.S.
 Under-reaction causes harmful bodies to
spread. Ex: cancer
 Stress can divert energy away from the
immune system making illnesses more
likely.

Conditioning the Immune
System
 Experiment
UCS
(drug)
UCR
(immune
suppression)
CS
(sweetened
water)
CS
(sweetened
water)
UCS
(drug)
UCR
(immune
suppression)
CR
(immune
suppression)
s have been
conducted
illustrating
power to
condition
the immune
system to
respond in
certain
ways.
Negative Emotions in General
Have Negative Health Risks
Heart
disease
Persistent stessors
and negative
emotions
Unhealthy behaviors
(smoking, drinking,
poor nutrition and sleep)
Release of stress
hormones
Immune
suppression
Autonomic nervous
system effects
(headaches,
hypertension)
Promoting Health
Aerobic Exercise
has positive
psychological and
physical benefits.
 Increases heart and
lung fitness and may
also help alleviate
depression and
anxiety.

Depression 14
score 13
No-treatment
group
12
11
10
Relaxation
treatment
group
9
8
7
6
Aerobic
exercise
group
5
4
3
Before treatmentAfter treatment
evaluation
evaluation
Using Biofeedback to Improve
Health
 Biofeedback:
system for
electronically
recording,
amplifying, and
feeding back
information
regarding a subtle
physiological state
like blood pressure
and muscle tension.
Promoting Health
A
strong social network which offers
support strongly promotes health
during an illness and when healthy.
% with
high
support
Promoting Health
Spirituality and Faith
Communities has a strong
correlation with positive health
and enhancing medical treatment.
Possible reasons behind
correlation with religion?
Promoting Health
 Smoking
is a lifestyle decision that
offers serious health risks.
Number
of deaths
per 100,000
33,348
1,686
1,135
Smoking Suicide Vehicle
crash
556
HIV/
AIDS
Cause of death
202
Homicide
Smoking and Stress
Weight and Health Risks
 Review
Biological Influences on
Weight:
 Body Chemistry influences?
–Hunger Hormones
–Hypothalamus issues
 Genetic
Influences?
–Set Point
–Metabolism
Weight and Discrimination
7
 When
6
Willingness
to hire scale
(from1: 5
definitely
not hire to 4
7: definitely
hire) 3
2
1
0
Women
Normal
Men
Overweight
women
applicants
were made
to look
overweight,
subjects
were less
willing to
hire
Long Term Weight Loss Is
Difficult
10
Weight 5
change
in pounds
Starting
point
0
Normal trend for untreated obese
people: Gradually rising weight
-5
-10
After participation in behavioral
Program: Much of initial weight
Loss regained
-15
-20
Post
treatment
1
2
3
Years of follow-up
4
5
Correlation with TV and Obesity
Skinfold fat
measure (mm)
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
<2
2-3
>4
Hours of television watched per day
in 1990s study
Boys
Girls
Overview of Healthy and
Unhealthy Tendencies
Life events
Personal appraisal
Challenge
Threat
Personality type
Hostile
Depressed
Pessimistic
Easy going
Nondepressed
Optimistic
Personality habits
Nonsmoking
Regular exercise
Good nutrition
Smoking
Sedentary
Poor nutrition
Level of social support
Close, enduring
Lacking
Tendency toward
Health
Illness
Apply these terms/questions to
an episode of the Office