Bellringer: 4/5 & 4/6
• 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 2. Update your ToC:
– Page #:
• 3. Write down your HW:
– Finish your Machiavelli reading + questions
– Read/mark study guide
• Check mark next to what you know
• Star next to what you want to review
• “X” next to whatever terms you feel you’ve never heard of
Part 1: The
Italian
Renaissance
The Renaissance: What is it,
where does it begin?
• Renaissance – “rebirth”
–Renewed interest in Greek and
Roman styles and methods in the
Humanities
study human culture,
includes ancient &
modern languages,
literature, philosophy,
religion, visual and
performing arts, music,
theater, social sciences
like history, anthropology,
cultural studies, law
Renaissance
begins in Italy
Venice
Venice
Genoa
Major Cities
in Italy
Venice
Genoa
Florence
The Renaissance Beginnings
Why Italy?
–Home to ruins of the Roman Empire =
easy access to classics
–Crusades  more demand for “exotic”
products
–Trade with Asia and Africa
–Rich Italian city-states = wealthy
merchant class ready to spend $$$
–Medici Family (patrons of the Arts)
Humanism
• Theory that emphasizes human reason
and scientific inquiry and de-emphasizes
the importance of religious focus
• Involves the study of the Humanities
(philosophy, art, literature, etc.)
Italian Renaissance: Writers
• Francesco Petrarch
– One of 1st Humanists and
proponent of classical writers
• Niccolo Machiavelli
– Diplomat and historian
– Wrote “The Prince”
– Government should be realistic
and practical without much
concern for morals
Italian Renaissance: Artists
Leonardo da Vinci
- “Renaissance Man” (architect, engineer,
painter, sculptor, and scientist)
- science influencing art  realistic figures
- “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa”
Italian Renaissance: Artists
Michelangelo
- Sistine Chapel (at the
Vatican)
- sculptures such as
“David”
Raphael
- known for
paintings/depictions
of Mary
“The School of Athens” by
Raphael
“Pieta” - Michelangelo
“Madonna del
Granduca” - Raphael
Characteristics of Renaissance
Art:
• 1. Realistic and lifelike images were a
contrast to “other worldly” art of
Medieval times
• 2. Perspective - technique making distant
objects smaller than those in the
foreground (front); create illusion of
depth on a flat surface
– This makes painting have a three-dimensional
(3D) element
Characteristics of Renaissance
Art:
• 3. Emotions
– Renaissance painting were designed to evoke an
emotional response from viewers
– Often depicted an emotional image in their
works
• 4. Secular vs. non-secular art
– Secular = religious
– Non-secular  must be the opposite
– Describes Renaissance paintings with NO religions
connotations or meanings
Part 2: The Northern
Renaissance
The Beginnings of the
Northern Renaissance:
• Renaissance spreads from Italy through the
Alps and rivers of Europe (Danube, Rhine) – to
central Western Europe (mod. day Germany)
• New universities (consequence of humanism)
• PRINTING PRESS – Johannes Gutenberg
(Germany) was 1st European to use movable
type to print books
- What book do you think was printed the most?
The Bible
Northern Renaissance: Writers
• Desiderius Erasmus
– Interested in Early Christian and Greek/Roman
periods
– “Praise of Folly” – criticisms of Christian faith
• Thomas More
– Wrote “Utopia” (imaginary, ideal society)
– Executed for not going along with King Henry VIII’s
annulment request and recognizing Henry as the
head of the church
Northern Renaissance: Artists
• 1. Jan and Hubert van Eyck
–Attention to detail and facial
expression
–More realistic than symbolic
The Ghent Alterpiece
“Giovanni Arnolfini and
his wife” by van Eyck
Northern Renaissance: Artists
• 2. Peter Brueghel
–Scenes of village dances and festivals
–Used paintings to criticize intolerance
• 3. Albrecht Durer
–Copper engravings and woodcuts
“Peasant Wedding” –
Pieter Brueghel
“Adoration of the Magi” –
Albrecht Durer
Who is this?
• HOW DO YOU THINK HE
RELATES TO THE
RENAISSANCE?
• HOW MANY DIFFERENT
JOBS DOES HE HAVE/HAS
HE HAD?
Sean John Combs
Puff Daddy, Diddy, P. Diddy
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Rapper
Record Producer
Actor
Entrepreneur – Clothing line of Sean
John
Founded Bad Boy Records
Won 3 Grammy’s
Producer of MTV’s Making the Band
Movie Production Company
Owned two restaurants
Worth about $550 M