Warm-up
• Clear off desk for Quiz on Byzantine Empire,
Russia, and Mongols
**If you finish early work on the Islamic
regional map **
HW: Review Notes on Islam – Quiz Next Class
Take Cornell notes on pgs:317-326 (Middle
Ages)
Bell Ringer
• What do you know about Islam?
• What do you think your classmates
know about Islam?
AGENDA: March 4 and 7
Objective: Understand the history, beliefs, and
spread of Islam.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bell Ringer
Quiz: Byzantine Empire/Mongols
Islam GRAPES
Activities:
1. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism Research
2. Map
Disclaimer
• This lesson will follow the broad
outline (the textbook definition) of
Islam. We all have different beliefs,
even those who share the same
religion name.
• You are not asked to believe or
agree with all that is taught today.
Terminology
• Islam: (noun) The religion
• Muslims: (noun) Followers of Islam
• Muslim or Islamic: (adjectives)
Elements of the culture
Geography
Arabian
Peninsula
• Mecca: Founding
City
• Crossroads of
three
continents
• Medina: Second
major city
Mecca
• Trade hub
(Cultural
Diffusion)
• Religious
pilgrims
worshipping at
the Ka’bah, an
ancient shrine
Ka’bah
Religion
Religion
• Foundation:
–Muhammad received revelations
from Allah through the Angel
Gabriel.
–These revelations were written in
down and are now the holy book,
the Qur’an
Religion
• Monotheistic
–God is called “Allah”
• Founder: Muhammad
–Disrespectful to show his face
• Holy Book: Qur’an (Koran)
• Believed in the Judeo-Christian
prophets, like Moses and Abraham
• Major Beliefs: Five Pillars of Faith
Five Pillars of Faith
1. Shahada
2. Salat
3. Zakat
4. Sawm
5. Hajj
Five Pillars of Faith
1. Shahada
2. Salat
3. Zakat
4. Sawm
5. Hajj
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Prayer (5 times a day)
3. Alms giving
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
Other Beliefs
• Shari’ah: Islamic
Law
• Jihad: Struggle
– Internal struggle
– External struggle
Check for Understanding
1. What are the two major cities for
Islam?
2. Describe the founding of Islam.
3. What are the five pillars of faith?
Achievements
Achievements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Astronomy
Mathematics
Medicine
Baghdad (the House of Wisdom)
Geographic knowledge
Universities
Mosques and Architecture
Calligraphy
Masjid al-Haram
Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque
Dijenné, Mali
Damascus, Syria
Córdoba, Spain
Courtyard at Córdoba
Hagia Sophia
Minarets
Blue Mosque, Istanbul
Minarets on Masjid al-Haram
Zabid
Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined
Dome of the Rock
Calligraphy
Islamic Art: Calligraphy
Islamic Art: Mosaics
Calligraphy and Mosaics
Calligraphy
Mosaic
Politics
Politics
• Islam was led by the Prophet Muhammad
until his death in 632 C.E.
• The first four successors, or caliphs, were
related to Muhammad
– Known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs
• Abu Bakr
• Umar
• Uthman
• Ali
Spread of Islam
Territory at Ali’s
Muhammad’s
Abu
Bakr’s
death death
death
Medina
Mecca
Schism in Islam:
Sunni -- Shi’a
• Disagreements over succession to
Muhammad
• Islamic unity ends with assassination
of Ali
–Partisans of Ali = Shi’a sect
Sunni/Shi’a Split
Sunni Muslims
Shi’a Muslims
Believed that ruler could be Believed that ruler should
any that followed
be a RELATIVE of
Muhammad’s example
Muhammad
Follow elected leaders
Follow leaders that have
been chosen by
Muhammad or Allah
Biggest population of
Muslims (about 90%)
Smaller population of
Muslims (about 10%)
Umayyad Dynasty
• First Muslim dynasty
• Took over Jerusalem.
• They moved the
Muslim capital to
Damascus
Umayyad Expansion
• Spread across northern
Africa and to Spain
• The spread into Europe
was halted at the Battle
of Tours in 732 C.E.
– Charles the Hammer
• This prevents the
spread of Islam across
Europe
Umayyad Expansion
Abbasid Dynasty
• Umayyad Dynasty
is overthrown by
the Abbasids
• Abbasids move
the Muslim capital
to Baghdad
• Eventually
Baghdad is
destroyed by the
Mongols
Check for Understanding
• Compare the split in Islam to the split
in Christianity.
• What is the significance of the Battle
of Tours?
• What are the names of the two
Islamic Dynasties and why are they
significant to Islam?
Economics
• Islamic economy was focused on
trade
• Trade routes went
–East to the Silk Road
–West across Northern Africa and
the Mediterranean
–South to Red Sea and Indian Ocean
Social
Social
• All Muslims are seen as a religious
community called an ummah
• Muslims live their daily lives in
accordance with the law seen in the
Qur’an and the teachings of
Muhammad.
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population
1. Indonesia
183,000,000
6. Iran
62,000,000
2. Pakistan
134,000,000
7. Egypt
59,000,000
3. India
121,000,000
8. Nigeria
53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria
31,000,000
10. Morocco
29,000,000
5. Turkey
66,000,000
Researching World Religions
• You will be working on the following
for the rest of class:
– World Religions Locations Map
– Spread of Islamic Civilizations Map
– Reading + Qs: The World’s Three
Monotheistic Religions
Religions Map Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
AvFl6UBZLv4