Name: _______________________________
USVA History
SOL Notes - Chapter 17 – The Progressive Era
Main Idea – Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America led to broad
progressive reforms.
Urbanization in the Gilded Age
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________________ grew throughout the late 19th century as a result of industrial growth
o Ex: __________________, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and _______________
o Centers for manufacturing and transportation – created industrial jobs
o Harsh conditions for laborers in _______________ and _____________________
o Need for better public services
 ________________ and ________________ systems were improved
 Public transportation systems were improved
 Trolley, streetcar, and ________________ (NYC) were developed
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Labor supply in cities increased- ___________________ and migration from rural farms
Goals of Progressivism
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Middle-class progressive reformers wanted to fix many of the problems that resulted
from industrialization and urbanization in the late 19th century (the _________________)
o Poor working conditions for laborers in factories
 low ______________, long ______________, no job security, no benefits
 child labor common, discrimination against women
o Government not being responsive to the needs of the people
o SIG – these issues led to the ____________________________________ – def. –
use of government to reform problems created by industrialization and correct
injustices in American society
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Goals of Progressive Reformers
o Government controlled by the _____________________
o Guarantee economic opportunities through government _____________________
o Eliminate social _________________________
Social Reform
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_________________________ – the movement to ban the of manufacture, sale, and
consumption of alcohol
o _________________________________ – prohibition of alcohol went into effect
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_________________________________ – the movement to give women the right to vote
o National American Woman Suffrage Association (________________________)
 Benefited from strong leadership – ____________________________
 Encouraged women to enter the workforce during World War One
o ______________________________ – granted women the right to vote (suffrage)
Economic Reform
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Background: _______________________________________ – def. - government took a
“hands-off” approach to the economy and did not get involved in regulating business
o big businesses used power to crush competition
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________________________________ – def. – journalists who wrote about the corrupt
side of business and public life in magazines during the progressive era
o _____________________________ – exposed horrible conditions of the
meatpacking industry in Chicago in his novel _____________________________
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____________________________________ – strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
o Outlawed trusts, monopolies, and price-fixing
o Exempted _____________ from being prosecuted by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Political Reform
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Local governments o ________________________ and city council __________________ – new ways
to govern cities more efficiently in 250 cities in the U.S.
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State governments –
o __________________________ – def. – allowed voters to cast a vote without
election officials knowing who they voted for
o __________________________ – def. – a bill originated by the people rather
than lawmakers on the ballot
o __________________________ – def. - a vote by the people on a bill that began
as an initiative
o ___________________________– def. – enabled voters to remove public
officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the
end of their term
o ___________________________ – def. – voters, rather than politicians, would
choose candidates for public office through a special election
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National government
o President _______________________ progressive plan = ___________________
 Involved trust-busting and conservation projects
o President _______________________ progressive plan = ___________________
 Involved financial reform, increased government regulation of business
o Child Labor – progressives wanted to end the use of children in industry

_________________________ (1916) – outlawed goods being transported
from state to state if those products were produced by child labor
 Later declared unconstitutional
o _________________________ – established a federal income tax
o _________________________ – direct election of senators
 The people, not state legislatures, would vote on candidates running for
the U.S. Senate
o _________________________ – Prohibition on the manufacture, sale, and
consumption of alcohol
o _________________________ – granted women the right to vote (suffrage)