Name: _______________________________
USVA History
SOL Notes - Chapter 16.3. Segregation and Discrimination
Main Idea - Discrimination and segregation against African-Americans intensified and took new
forms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. African Americans disagreed about how to
respond to the developments.
African-Americans Fight Legal Discrimination
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Background – During Reconstruction, African-Americans faced violent opposition to
their new constitutional rights, especially ______________________________________
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Voting Restrictions – all Southern states passed voting restrictions on African-Americans
o ____________________________ – def. – difficult reading test given to AfricanAmericans trying to register to vote
o ____________________________ – def. – an annual tax that had to be paid by
African-Americans before voting
o ____________________________ – def. – state laws that allowed people to vote
if their grandfather was eligible to vote in 1867
o SIG - African-Americans prevented from voting in the _____________ as a result
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_____________________________________ – segregation laws passed throughout the
South to _____________________white and black people in public
o SIG - applied to ____________________, hospitals, ___________________, and
transportation systems
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_______________________________________ (1896) – U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
segregation of the races in public accommodations was _______________________ and
did not violate the _____________________________
o Established “_________________________________________” doctrine – states
could maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided
equal service.
o SIG – segregation was legal for almost __________________ years
African-American Responses
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“_______________________________________________” (early 20th century) – def. –
movement of African-Americans from the rural South to __________________________
in search of __________________ and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South
o SIG - Racial discrimination still existed in the North and sometimes resulted in
violence
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_____________________________ – led an _____________________________ crusade
and called for the federal government to act to stop oppression of African-Americans
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________________________________________ – believed the way to equality was
through _______________________________________________ and economic success
o Did not openly challenge ______________________________
o Founded the _____________________________________________ in Alabama
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_______________________ – believed that education was meaningless without equality
o Supported political equality for African-Americans by helping to form the
__________________________________________________________________
(NAACP)