Name:
Period:
Chapters 10 and 11 Topic Question Set
10.1
1. Define Earthquake:
2. Identify three causes of earthquakes.
3. How many earthquakes occur each year? How many of them are strong enough to be
noticeable by anything other than seismic equipment?
4. What is a Fault? Where are most faults located?
5. What causes the stress or energy that builds up and eventually releases, causing an
earthquake?
6. The point on a fault where a “break” occurs, releasing built-up energy is called the ______
of an earthquake.
7. The point on the surface or the earth directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the
______________.
8. Which of your above two answers do most non-scientists want to know about? Why?
9. Energy released by earthquakes move from one point to another as ______________.
10. In which direction does this energy travel relative to the focus/epicenter?
11. If you threw a rock into a pond, what would you see after the rock hit the water (not a
splash)?
12. How is this similar to an earthquake wave?
13. Are all earthquake waves the same?
14. The two types of Body waves are ______ and ______ waves.
15. Which type of wave compresses the ground in front of it and stretches it out behind the
wave?
16. What would a P Wave do to a wall if the wall is in an east-west line and the earthquake
wave originates west of the wall?
17. Which earthquake wave resembles the motion of a snake?
18. What would an S Wave do to the same wall in the situation mentioned above?
19. Which wave travels faster?
10.2
20. An instrument that detects the passing of earthquake waves beneath it is called a
______________.
21. The “data sheet” produced by a seismograph is called a ______________.
22. If a P wave travels through the ground twice as fast as an S wave, and it takes a P wave 10
seconds to travel from the earthquake epicenter to where you are standing, how long would
it take for the S wave to arrive?
23. Based upon what you have learned from the above questions, if a P wave travels 10 miles
per second, and an S wave travels 5 miles per second, and the difference in arrival time
between the S and P wave of an earthquake is two seconds, how far away was the
earthquake from you?
24. Could seismologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake by using just one seismograph?
25. How many seismographs does it take to locate the epicenter?
26. The “strength” of an earthquake is called the earthquake’s ______________.
27. (True/False) An earthquake of magnitude 2 is twice as “strong” as an earthquake of
magnitude 1.
28. The scale used to illustrate the damage caused by earthquakes is called the ______________
Scale.
10.3
29. What is “Liquifaction”?
30. What would happen to your house if the ground below it liquefied due to seismic waves?
31. A large wave caused by seismic waves on the ocean floor is called a ______________.
32. Based on the map on page 225, identify the two states with the highest risk of earthquakes.
33. A place along the San Andreas Fault that has not experienced earthquakes in a significant
amount of time, and is located in between two parts of the fault that are seismically active, is
called a ______________.
11.1
34. Most mountain ranges occur as a result of what process?
35. Define “Continental Margin”:
36. (True/False) Continental plates contain both continental and oceanic crust.
37. Mountain building takes place along continental margins that are ______
(a. active b. passive)
38. Identify two things that are evidence of an active continental margin.
39. The east coast of North America would be considered to be a/an ______________
continental margin. The west coast of South America would be considered to be a
______________ continental margin.
11.2
40. What force acts upon rocks along plate boundaries?
41. Define Compression, Tension and Shear:
41. The Appalachian Mountains were formed by what type of stress?
42. What type of stress would be occurring along a diverging plate boundary?
43. What type of stress is occurring along the San Andreas Fault?
44. Considering the type of mountain range the Shenandoah Mountains are in, what type of fold
do you think the Shenandoah Valley is?
45. Five examples of folded mountain range are: (yes, this is 11.3; saving paper!)