September 27, 2011
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Edgar Thomson warm-up
Homework 6.1 check.
2nd Industrial Revolution PP!
Bring Textbooks and 2nd Industrial
Revolution packet tomorrow.
• PP now…
The Second Industrial
Revolution
• What is an Industrial Revolution?
• What are we changing?
• How does this change effect the United
States?
• Men
• Women
• Children
• Immigrants
• Minorities
Bessemer Process
• The key principle is
removal of
impurities from the
iron by oxidation
through air being
blown through the
molten iron. The
oxidation also raises the
temperature of the iron
mass and keeps it
molten.
Henry Bessemer
Why is the Bessemer process
important?
George
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Westinghouse
George Westinghouse
founded Union
Switch & Signal,
abbreviated (US&S), in
1881, consolidating the
assets of companies that
had pioneered closed
track circuits and
interlockings. Operating
as an independent
company until 1917,
US&S became a
subsidiary of
Westinghouse Air
Brake.
George Pullman
• He used his money
and success to
develop a
comfortable railroad
sleeping car, the
Pullman sleeper, or
"palace car."
Thomas Alva
Edison
• An American
inventor and
businessman who
developed many
devices that greatly
influenced life
around the world,
including the
phonograph and
a long lasting
light bulb.
Nikolaus August Otto
• The German
inventor of the
internal-combustion
engine, the first
engine to efficiently
burn fuel directly in
a piston chamber.
Alexander
Graham Bell
• His research on
hearing and speech
further led him to
experiment with
hearing devices that
eventually culminated
in the invention of
the telephone.
Brainstorm reasons why these
men and their inventions are
important to IR?
• George
Westinghouse
• George Pullman
• Thomas Alva
Edison
• Nikolaus August
Otto
• Alexander
Graham Bell
Edwin L. Drake
Edwin L. Drake - Titusville PA
Why was kerosene important?
Kerosene
lanterns
Free Enterprise
Free Enterprise
Business that is free
from government involvement
Free Enterprise
Business that is free
from government involvement
Gave way to Entrepreneurs
People who start a new business
Free Enterprise
Business that is free
from government involvement
Entrepreneurs created
Corporations
Companies that sell shares
of ownership called stocks
Gave way to Entrepreneurs
People who start a new business
Name an entrepreneur and his/her
corporation.
Vertical Integration
Why would a entrepreneur
utilize Vertical Integration?
• Improve efficiency
by making supplies
reliable
• Control quality of
product
• Eliminate
middleman fees
Horizontal Integration
McClinchie’s Pizza
Kingdom
Pizza
Roma
Pizza Hut
Vocelli’s
Pappa Johns
Vinny’s
Why would an entrepreneur
utilize Horizontal Integration?
• Control rivals
• Created trusts
• Cycle of buying
competing company,
• Improve the efficiency of
operations
• Pressing for discounts on
shipments,THUS…
• Undercutting his
competition AND
• Buying them out
What effect does Horizontal
Integration and Vertical
Integration have on business?
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Top business men
that utilized these business
ideas…
Carnegie
Rockefeller
J.P. Morgan
Vanderbilt
How did they build their fortunes?
Carnegie = Steel producer
Rockefeller
Oil
J.P. Morgan
Banking
Vanderbilt = Railroads