Therapy: Psychotherapy - background
Treatment – general
• We’ve looked at how specific disorders
are explained and treated, based on
each of the major perspectives
• This part is looking at treatment in
general; these are often treatments
used to treatment a variety of mental
illnesses.
Therapy: Psychotherapy - background
Psychotherapy - background
Psychotherapy
• Psychological therapy
• Interaction between:
• trained therapist
• sufferer of psychological difficulties
• Can be:
• Alone
• Group
• Many varieties
Therapy: Psychotherapy - background
Psychotherapy - background
Eclectic
• Using a combination of different
therapies, techniques
• Most common
• Rarely is one technique ever used
• Any course of treatment usually
involves therapy and another
treatment
Therapy: Psychotherapy - background
Psychotherapy - background
Eclectic
• Using a combination of different therapies,
techniques
• Most common
• Rarely is one technique ever used
• Any course of treatment usually involves
therapy and another treatment
Example:
Therapy & biochemical
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Classical Psychoanalysis
•Sigmund Freud
•Uses:
•Projective tests
•Free association
•Dream interpretation
•Rare
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychodynamic Therapy
•Related to Psychoanalysis
•Uses Freud’s ideas, but not as strict
•Neo-Freudians
•Unconscious & childhood important
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Transference
•Feelings, conflicts, etc. transferred to
the therapist
•Hate of father, love of sister-in-law,
etc.
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Transference
•Feelings, conflicts, etc. transferred to
the therapist
•Hate of father, love of sister-in-law,
etc.
Resistance
•Blocking from conscious painful
memories, etc
•“Being difficult”
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Humanistic
Humanistic Psychotherapy
• “Client-centered therapy”
• Uses active listening
• Unconditional positive regard
• Find out what is troubling in the here
and now
• Responsibility on individual
• Carl Rogers
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
• If understand root of problem, then
can determine best way to solve
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Behavioral therapy
• Interested in treatment, not cause
• Most psychological problems - learned
behaviors
• Learning new behaviors can eliminate
unwanted ones
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
vs.
Humanistic & Behavioral
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
vs.
Humanistic & Behavioral
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
• Need to find cause of problem before
it can be treated.
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
vs.
Humanistic & Behavioral
Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic
• Need to find cause of problem before
it can be treated.
Humanistic & Behavioral therapy
• Interested in treatment, not cause
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Cognitive therapy
• Psychological disorders come from
maladaptive thinking
• Teaches new, more adaptive ways of
thinking and acting
Issues with cognitive therapy:
• Difficult for most people to change their
way of thinking
• People suffering from depression, anxiety,
etc.?
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Cognitive therapy:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
• When we have an emotional reaction (getting
upset, becoming happy, etc.) because of an event:
• it is not the event that upsets us, etc.,
• it is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to
become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.
People associated:
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Cognitive therapy:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
The ABC Model
A. Something happens.
B. You have a belief about the situation.
C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief.
For example:
A. Your employer falsely accuses you of taking
money from her purse & threatens to fire you.
B. You believe, “She has no right to accuse me.
She's a jerk!”
C. You feel angry.
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Cognitive therapy:
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
The ABC Model
A. Something happens.
B. You have a belief about the situation.
C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief.
Instead…
For example:
A. Your employer falsely accuses you of taking
money from her purse & threatens to fire you.
B. You believe, “She is angry about the lost money;
she’s not really mad at me.”
C. You feel empathy.
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Therapy: Psychotherapy – varieties
Psychotherapy – varieties
Other psychotherapy
•Group therapy
•Self-help organizations
•Family therapy
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Often referred to as “electroshock
therapy”
• Passing electrical current through
brain to treat illness
• Now: treat major depression
• Disrupts Long term potentiation effects short term memory
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Types:
• Magnetic seizure therapy (MST)
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS)
• Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery
• Destruction of brain tissue to treat
disease
• Now only used as last resort
Types:
• Prefrontal lobotomy
• Severing corpus callosum (epilepsy)
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Psychosurgery
Social control
• Not treating person
• Controlling them
• Usually lobotomy & electroshock
therapy
• Now considered primitive
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Psychosurgery
Deinstitutionalization
• Under normal circumstances, would be
treated in a mental hospital
• Strong support system (family, etc.),
instead treat them at home or halfway
house
• Familiar surroundings seen as
beneficial
Therapy: Biological Therapy
Biological Therapy – Chemotherapy/Biomedical
Chemotherapy/Biomedical
•Medication
•Most common
Agonist
•Increase amount of neurotransmitter
absorbed by post-synaptic neuron
Antagonist
•Decrease amount of neurotransmitter
absorbed by post-synaptic neuron