IP over Networks
Remote IP access
IP over LAN
Services
IP in the Backbone
IP Network
Backbone
GSM
PSTN / ISDN
Broadband
Access
(ADSL)
Direct IP
Access
LAN
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 1
Internet Access in Europe
60,000
Households (000s) in Europe
50,000
40,000
Digital sat./ wireless
30,000
Cable modems + xDSL + other BB
PSTN
20,000
10,000
0
1996
1997
1998
Source: Datamonitor 1997
Nokia
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 2
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Worldwide growth in remote work
US
Europe
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
19
19
98
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
97
No. of users
(Millions)
Rest of World
Source: GartnerGroup, March 1998
full time remote worker
part time remote worker
day extenders
- A D S L - I S D N - analog modems - mobile data . . .
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 3
Remote IP Access Architecture
Intranets /
Extranets
GSM
Mobile
Internet
Other IP Networks
CCB
AAA-server
PSTN/ISDN
ISDN
POTS
User
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 4
Access
Server
IP Network
NMS
Remote IP Access: ISDN, PSTN, ADSL, GSM
Intranets /
Extranets
GSM
Mobile
Internet
Other IP Networks
CCB
AAA-server
Access Server
PSTN/ISDN
Eksos B
Access Node
ISDN
POTS
RAN
ADSL
Direct Access
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 5
IP Service
NMS
ISDN BRA subscriber configurations
ISDN NT
ISDN NT
S bus
Router
LAN
Other
ISDN
devices
ISDN access router:
ISDN S
ISDN NT
S bus
ISDN
telephone
with data
interface
Other
ISDN
devices
ISDN telephone with
data interface:
ISDN S
Up to 4
Ethernet ports
Up to 2
a/b ports for POTS
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 6
Data
interface (RS232)
S bus
PC with
ISDN card
Other
ISDN
devices
ISDN PC card:
ISDN S
Example Access Server
- for small netwoks/ GSM data • Universal dial-in access:
2 x ISDN PRI can terminate up to 60 calls:
- analog modem, V.110 for GSM cellular data, ISDN
• Scaleable architecture
• Data network connections:
ISDN/PSTN
- 1 x Ethernet (AUI) port
- 2 x Sychronous serial ports for WAN connections
2 x 2M (PRI)
Cisco
AS 5200
• Management remotely via SNMP / Local terminal
• RADIUS
• Wide range of security features
• 19'' mechanics
Ethernet
2 serial
ports
IP Network
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 7
AAA-server
• Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
• Statistics
• Security Management
Subscriber profile
management:
Operator
files
Billing System
MML,HTML
Intranet
Administrator
HTML
SNMP
RADIUS
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 8
Access
Server
Management
integrated into
NMS
PPP - Point-to-point protocol
transmitting datagrams using serial point-to-point links:
• method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links
• Link Control Protocol
• Family of Network Control Protocols
+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------|
Flag
| Address | Control | Protocol | Information
| 01111110 | 11111111 | 00000011 | 16 bits |
*
+----------+----------+----------+----------+--------------+----------+----------+----------------0021 Internet Protocol
|
FCS
|
Flag
| Inter-frame Fill
0023 OSI Network Layer
002b Novell IPX
| 16 bits | 01111110 | or next Address
8021 Internet Protocol Control
---+----------+----------+----------------Protocol
c021 Link Control Protocol
c023 Password Authentication
Protocol
c025 Link Quality Report
c223 Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 9
wide variety of applications/extensions:
• PPP over ISDN, SDH, X.25, Frame Relay...
• PPP multilink protocol
Remote IP access related ISDN/PSTN Issues
End-to-end:
ISDN/PSTN dimensioning
•
Modem protocols
300 bps - 56000
bps
•
Rate adaptation
V.110, V.120
•
•
Error correction
• long calls
• short calls
• unsuccessfull calls
• correlated traffic (hot spots)
? effects of new applications
? data call bypass
Compression
NTC/Home office ISDN number of lines used (7/98)
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 10
Security
Standard level:
• Authentication and authorization
• Level two tunneling
(Virtual private networks)
Corporate level:
• data encryption
• strong authentication
(one time passwords)
? Usability (e.g. how to
connect to company
external services)
? Legislation
IP-over-Networks.ppt 9/98 H. Almay page: 11