The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) 15 October 2002
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Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) John N. Galayda, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 15 October 2002 What will it do The Project Research User Program SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 1 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center What Will It Do The world’s first hard x-ray laser Unprecedented brightness, Unprecedented time resolution 0.8 – 8 keV SASE Free Electron Laser Electron beam 4.5 – 14.35 GeV, from SLAC Linac Peak power in SASE bandwidth 8 GW Peak brightness 1033 photons/(mm2 mr2 0.1%BW) Pulse duration 230 femtoseconds Pulse repetition rate 120 Hz SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 2 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 3 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Femtochemistry Nanoscale Dynamics in Condensed matter t= t=0 Atomic Physics Aluminum plasma classical plasma Plasma and Warm Dense Matter G =1 G =10 dense plasma G =100 high density matter 10- 4 Program developed by international team of ~45 scientists working with accelerator and laser physics communities 10-2 1 10 2 10 4 Density (g/cm-3) Structural Studies on Single Particles and Biomolecules FEL Science/Technology “the beginning.... not the end” SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 4 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Femtochemistry Requirements: High peak brightness 230 fsec or shorter pulse 0.8 - 8 keV x-rays Synchronization to laser Lasers probe charge dynamics • Electron Diffraction limited to ps range • LCLS will probe 200 10 fs range • Chemical dynamics happens in fs - ps range H2OOH + H about 10 fs SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 5 time depends on mass CH2I2CH2I + I about 100 fs John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Nanoscale Dynamics in Condensed matter Requirements: Maximum transverse coherence 230 fsec pulse <8-24 keV x-rays (3rd harmonic) Fast Array detectors In picoseconds - milliseconds range splitter t= sample variable delay t Analyze contrast as f(delay time) SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source t=0 6 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Atomic Physics Requirements: Formation of Hollow Atoms: High peak brightness 230 fsec pulse <1 keV x-rays Synchronization to fast detectors hn =900eV Auger =2.5fs Multiphoton Ionization: Giant Coulomb explosions of Xe clusters 109 atoms Xe hn Understanding is central to the hn imaging of biomolecules Auger hn =950eV =0.1fs 3p (M3) SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 7 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Plasma Physics and Warm Dense Matter Requirements: • High peak power for plasma creation 230 fsec pulse or less <8 keV x-rays Synchronization to external laser Creating Warm Dense Matter • Generate ≤10 eV solid density matter • Measure the fundamental nature of the matter via equation of state • Probing resonances in HDM • Measure kinetics process, redistribution rates, kinetic models • All time scales SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 8 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Structural Studies on Single Particles and Biomolecules Requirements: High peak brightness High photon density 230 fs or shorter pulses Fast array detectors SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 9 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Structural Studies on Single Particles and Biomolecules Pulse duration (FWHM) 10 fs Photons/pulse (100 nm spot) 50 fs 100 fs 230 fs 5x1012 8x1011 3x1011 5x1010 (R = 15%) Single lysozyme molecule 26 Å 30 Å >30 Å >30 Å <2.0 Å 3.0 Å 6.5 Å 12 Å 2.6 Å 4.0 Å 20 Å 30 Å <2.0 Å <2.0 Å <2.0 Å 2.4 Å MW: 19,806 3x3x3 cluster of lysozymes Total MW: 535,000 Single RUBISCO molecule MW: 562,000 Single viral capsid (TBSV) MW: ~3,000,000 Calculated Limits of Resolution with Relectronic = 15 % Larger protein assemblies and viruses look promising SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 10 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center FEL Physics and Technology X-ray FEL Physics •Electron pulse compression •X-ray pulse compression •Preservation of time structure •Coherence preservation •X-ray FEL diagnostics •Pump/probe synchronization 230 fs Si monochromator (T = 40%) e- 10 fs 43 m 30 m 52 m Two-Stage Chirped-Beam SASE-FEL for High Power Femtosecond X-Ray Pulse Generation C. Schroeder*, J. Arthur^, P. Emma^, S. Reiche*, and C. Pellegrini* ^ Stanford Linear Accelerator Center *UCLA SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 11 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Estimated Cost, Schedule $200M-$240M Total Estimated Cost range $245M-$295M Total Project Cost range Schedule: FY2003 Authorization to begin engineering design Emphasis on injector and undulator FY2005 Long-lead purchases for injector, undulator FY2006 Construction begins January 2007 Injector tests begin October 2007 FEL tests begin September 2008 Construction complete SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 12 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Preliminary Schedule CD-0 CD-1 CD-2b CD-3b CD-2a FY2001 FY2002 Design FY2003 2002 2003 FY2004 2004 FY2005 2005 FY2006 2006 FY2007 FY2008 Operation Construction CD-3a Critical Decision 0 – Mission Need Critical Decision 1 – Preliminary Baseline Range Start Project Engineering Design Critical Decision 2a – Long-Lead Procurement Budget Critical Decision 2b – Performance Baseline Critical Decision 3a – Start Long-Lead Procurements Fund Long-Lead Procurements Critical Decision 3b – Start Construction Fund Construction Construction Complete SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 13 FY2009 June 13, 2001 September 2002 October 2002 Spring 2003 April 2004 August 2004 October 2004 August 2005 October 2005 End of FY2008 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS PED/Project Organization Project Management John Galayda - Project Director L. Klaisner, Chief Engineer UCLA FEL Physics C. Pellegrini, UCLA H. D. Nuhn, SLAC 1.2 Electron Beam Systems ES&H: Ian Evans SLAC Radiation Physics: S. Rokni, S. Mao, W. R. Nelson, A. Prinz 1.3 Photon Beam Systems 1.4 Conventional Facilities David Saenz, SLAC 1.2.1 Injector Jim Clendenin, SLAC 1.3.1 X-ray Transport, Optics,Diagnostics Richard Bionta, LLNL 1.2.2 Linac Vinod Bharadwaj, SLAC 1.3.2 X-ray Endstation Systems Jerry Hastings, SLAC-SSRL 1.2.3 Undulator Efim Gluskin, ANL SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source LLNL LCLS builds on SLAC, ANL, LLNL experience: PEP-II and APS Projects 14 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Builds on SLAC Core Competencies Gun R&D 300p C tail Peak Current (A) head Basis of KEK, Frascati FEL designs Spectrometer Image of Slice Quad Scan Data 150 BNL/SLAC/UCLA Gun has been proven as an FEL driver at BNL-ATF and ANL Design verification at the SSRL Gun Test Facility Limborg, C. et al., “PARMELA versus Measurements for GTF and DUVFEL” Proceedings of the 2002 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Paris 3-7 June 2002, pp. 1786-1788 100 Instantaneous Peak Current 50 Time (ps) -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 n (mm mrad) 0 2 1 Slice Emittances 0 Slice number 5 10 SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 15 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Builds on SLAC Core Competencies Definitive work in Coherent Synchrotron Radiation theory, modeling coherent radiation for l > sz sz l L0 e– Theory (wig OFF) Theory (wig ON) Tracking (wig OFF) Tracking (wig ON) R overtaking length: L0 (24szR2)1/3 Z. Huang, et al. PRSTAB 5, 074401 (2002) S. Heifets, et al. SLAC-PUB-9165, 3/2002 P. Emma,2002 European Part. Accel. Conf. SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 16 (After BC1) John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Builds on SLAC and UCLA Core Competencies Definitive work in wake field effectsBunch Length Control EM Fields created in the wake of electron bunch Energy loss of electrons versus position in bunch Pulse length Control in an X-ray FEL By Using Wake Fields IMPEDANCE OF A RECTANGULAR BEAM TUBE WITH SMALL CORRUGATIONS. K.L.F. Bane, G. Stupakov (SLAC). SLAC-PUB-9503, Sep 2002. 18pp. Submitted to Phys.Rev.ST Accel.Beams SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 4 fs power spike produced By current spike, wake field S. Reiche, P. Emma, C. Pellegrini To be published in the proceedings of the joint ICFA Advanced Accelerator And Beam Dynamics Workshop, Chia Laguna Sardinia, 4-6 July 2002 17 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Builds on LLNL Core Competencies •LLNL tests of damage to silicon crystal •Exposure to high- power laser with similar energy deposition •Threshold for melting 0.16 J/cm2, as predicted in model •Fabrication/test of refractive Fresnel lens •Machined with a diamond point SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 18 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Builds on ANL Core Competencies LCLS Undulator Prototype Horizontal Trajectory(µ) Horizontal Trajectory Microns 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 -800 SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 19 -400 0 Z(mm) 400 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu 800 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC Building New Core Competencies Ultrafast laser/x-ray physics - the Sub-Picosecond Photon Source The SPPS collaboration will develop experimental techniques essential to LCLS science •Synchronization •Short pulse diagnostics for x-ray beams •Control of timing and pulse length 50 ps SLAC Linac 1 GeV 9 ps 0.4 ps 20-50 GeV 12-meter chicane compressor SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source FFTB <100 fs 5-meter undulator 20 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Workshop – Experimental Opportunities with LCLS – 8-9 October 2002 The LCLS Project is in its initial phase with a construction start scheduled for FY 2006. The DOE is planning to provide specific funding for construction of experiments after Critical Decision 3 (start of LCLS construction) has been taken, expected in mid 2005 calendar year. However, DOE will, starting in FY2003, review and fund proposals for research needed to design an LCLS experiment. The purpose of this Planning Workshop is to provide prospective LCLS researchers with the information necessary to start the experiment planning process. It will also mark the beginning of a dialog between future LCLS experimenters and the Project Team that will shape the development of the LCLS from conceptual design to running facility. 30 Attendees, including “first Experiments” co-authors Presented Proposal/Review Sequence LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee, chaired by Roger Falcone, UCB Identification of R&D needs prerequisite to proposals Timing and related diagnostics SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 Detectors The Coherent Light Source Linac Damage studies 21 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Science Program based on the SSRL Model Experiment Proposals will be developed by leading research teams with SSRL involvement Proposals will be reviewed by the LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee Research teams secure outside funding with SSRL participation and sponsorship as appropriate SSRL will manage construction Provides cost and schedule control, rationalized design Provides basis for establishing maintenance and support infrastructure SSRL will partner with research teams to commission endstations Transit from commissioning to general user operations with deliberate speed “General user” mode with beam time allocation based on SAC recommendations SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 22 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Experiment Requirements – Repetition Rate Rate limits Pump/probe with low-power laser – 1-10 KHz Pump/probe with high-power laser – 10 Hz Insert new sample – 0.1-100 Hz Read out imaging data ~10 MB/shot, -> 1 GB/sec @ 120 Hz 9 TB/day! Imaging detectors matched to LCLS don’t exist today – too slow Ideal bunch structure for ultrafast physics with an FEL Uniform spacing 10-1,000 Hz, consistent with limitations above SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 23 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Now – 120 Hz, 1 bunch per shot to one endstation Future – up to 100 bunches per shot, 120 Hz Fan out to multiple endstations, 120 Hz 1-100 bunches/shot at one endstation SLAC linac was designed for 360 Hz operation SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 24 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center TESLA Pulse Structure optimized for Collider Up to 11,000 bunches per power pulse in 1 msec 5-10 power pulses per second TDR: 1.25 Hz at each undulator 1 msec light, 799 msec darkness CW operation of SC linac Not in TESLA-XFEL plan Part of BESSY design Higher initial cost (15 MV/m or less) Initial cost (+ space limitations at BESSY) vs cryocooling bill CW gun must be developed SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 25 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Conclusion LCLS poised to start Project Engineering Design PED for FY2003 - Preliminary design of undulator, injector – CD-2A LCLS Collaboration well-matched to LCLS challenges Accelerator science and technology Synchrotron radiation research and instrumentation Project management experience Experiment Program Planning underway, based on successful SSRL model LCLS pre-proposal R&D requests starting FY2003 Proposals for LCLS science in FY2006-FY2006 SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 26 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SCRF vs. Copper for an FEL SCRF: Reduced wake field for long, high-charge bunches is an HEP trade-off SCRF has no advantage over Cu in achieving FEL goals of Peak brightness Short pulse (Wake fields of Cu are employed for bunch compression) Copper Higher transverse wake trade-off against higher gradient at low energy FEL bunch length is short FEL bunch charge is lower than collider requirements Transverse wakes not an issue above 250 MeV Italy, Japan choosing copper linac for green-field FELs At least 30% cost savings compared to SCRF SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 27 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center End of Presentation SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 28 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Performance Characteristics DESY XFEL Peak and time averaged brightness of the LCLS and other facilities operating or under construction SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS TESLA TTF FEL LEUTL LCLS Spontaneous 29 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Linac Coherent Light Source Linac Coherent Light Source 1992: Proposal (C. Pellegrini) 1998: Preliminary Design Study Completed 1999: R&D funded at $1.5M/year 2001: CD-0 2002: Conceptual Design http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/CDR/ 2003: Project Engineering Design begins 2005: Long-Lead Procurements begin 2006: Construction begins 2007: First Light 2008: Project completion FFTB Tunnel SLAC Linac Undulator Hall RF Gun Gun-to-Linac Two Chicanes for bunch compression Cathode Load Lock L0 Linacs L0-1 Gun Solenoid L0-2 Linac Solenoid Matching Section Scale: 5 meters Quadrupole, typ. RF Transverse Deflector DL1 Bend SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source Linac Center Line 30 Sector 20 John N.Linacs Galayda, SLAC Emittance Energy Wire Wire Scanners Galayda@slac.stanford.edu Scanner & OTR Sector 21-1B Straight Ahead Tune-Up Dump Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Conventional Construction Final Focus Test Beam Extension Hall A Tunnel Hall B SLAC On-site Review 15 October 2002 The Linac Coherent Light Source 31 John N. Galayda, SLAC Galayda@slac.stanford.edu
