Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument Final
Instrument Design Review
CXI Photon Controls and Data Systems
Gunther Haller
LUSI CXI FIDR
June 3, 2009
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G. Haller
haller@slac.stanford.edu
XES Near & Far Hall Hutches and Beamline Layout (not to scale)
230 m
AMO
SXR
MEC
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
LCLS X-Ray Endstation (XES) Provided Controls
Subsystems
Following sub-systems are provided to CXI by LCLS
XES and are thus not described in this review (reviewed
separately)
Hutch Protection System
Machine Protection System
User Safeguards (include Oxygen Deficiency Monitoring)
Laser Femto-Second Timing System
Machine Timing System
Networking
EPICS Control system
Online/Offline Processing System
2-D Pixel Array Detector
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Specification and Interface Control Documents
Released Engineering Specification Documents (detailed
requirements regarding controls and data systems needs
of instrument)
CXI Controls ESD (SP-391-001-13)
CXI DAQ ESD (SP-391-001-18)
Released Interface Control Documents (specify where the
interface is, who is responsible for what)
XES-LUSI ICD (1.1.523)
XES CXI Controls ICD (SP-391-001-14)
Status: all documents are released
http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/CXI_XCS-PDR
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Reviews
CXI Controls and Data Systems Preliminary Design Review held May
11, 09
Presentations are at
http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/CXI_XCS-PDR
Many controls items are already used in other (earlier) photon
sections, XTOD and AMO, both are past the Final Design Review
stage and are being assembled. XTOD is in the commissioning stage.
In addition XPP will be installed before CXI.
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Risks and Procurements
No technical, schedule, cost risk items except
Usual risk that devices are changed or added without controls
being informed
Mitigated by
Regular meetings
Keep ESD and ICD documents up-to-date
No long term lead-time or > $100k items
Components are ordered with sufficient margin
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
ES&H
Hutch Protection Systems provided by LCLS XES, hutch 3
(CXI) is the fourth hutch to be operated
Same for User Safeguards (Oxygen Deficiency Monitor)
Electrical Safety
All cables/equipment are rated for their use
All equipment will be NRTL listed or inspected and approved under
SLAC's Electrical Equipment Inspection Program
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CXI Instrument
Diagnostics/Common Optics
Diagnostics &
Wavefront Monitor
1 micron Sample Environment
1 micron KB
Reference Laser
* 0.1 micron KB & Sample Environment,
Particle Injector and IToF (CD-4)
All Early Science except *
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June 3, 2009
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Controls Subsystems
Vacuum
Motion
Viewing
Power Supplies
Racks and Cabling
Other items
Software: EPICS/Python/Qt
Type of controls
Valve Control
Vacuum Controls
Pop-In Profile Monitor Controls
Pop-In Intensity Monitor Controls
Intensity-Position Monitor Controls
Slit Controls
Attenuator Controls
Pulse Picker Controls
KB Mirror Controls
X-Ray Focusing Lense Control
Sample Environment Controls
Particle Injector Controls
Ion ToF Controls
Vision Camera Controls
Detector Stage Controls
Reference Laser Controls
DAQ Controls
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June 3, 2009
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CXI Components to Control
X-Ray Optics KB system
Motion
Vendor provided, integration with LCLS
Reference Laser
Motion
Sample Environment
Sample Chamber
Motion, vacuum, vision
Ion ToF
HV, DC/pulser, digitizer
Instrument Stand
Motion
Detector Stage
Motion, vacuum, thermal
Particle Injector
Motion, vacuum, digitizer, vision, integration of commercial component
Vacuum System
Valve and Vacuum Controls
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
CXI Components to Control con’t
Diagnostics and Common Optics
Pop-In Profile Monitor
Motion, Viewing
Pop-In Intensity
Motion, Digitization
Intensity Position
Motion, Digitization
Slit System
Motion
Attenuator
Motion
Pulse-Picker
Motion, Viewing
X-Ray Focusing Lense
Motion
CXI specific interface and programming
Racks & Cabling
Workstations
Vision Cameras
Beam Line Processor
Channel Access Gateway
Machine Protection System
Configuration
Data Acquisition
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EPICS/Python/Qt
EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System):
Control software for RT systems
Monitor (pull scheme)
Alarm
Archive
Widely used at SLAC and other labs
More: http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/
Python/Qt is a user interface between the EPICS drivers and records
and the user
System is used for XTOD and AMO, provided as part of the XES
Photon Controls Infrastructure
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Example of Python/Qt user interface
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Example: Vacuum
All gauge controllers are MKS 937A
Interface
Terminal server – DIGI TS16 MEI
Automation Direct PLC
All ion pump controllers are Gama Vacuum DIGITEL MPC dual
All valves are controlled by PLC relay module
The out/not-out state of all valves go into the MPS system to prevent
damage if a valve closes unexpectedly.
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Example: Motion
Control System provides support for all motions
Motors
IMS MDrive Plus2 integrated controller and motor
IMS MForce Plus2 controller for control of in vacuum and other specialized
motors
Newport motor controllers
Others as required
Pneumatic motion
Solenoid Driver chassis, SLAC 385-001
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Fast (DAQ) Camera System
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Data System Architecture
XPP specific
Photon Control Data Systems (PCDS)
Beam Line
Data
L1: Acquisition
(Many)
Digitizers + Cameras
Timing
L0: Control
(One)
L2: Processing
(Many)
L3: Data Cache
(Many)
DAQ system primary features
Trigger and readout
Process and veto
Monitoring
Storage
Provided to CXI by XES, same system as used for AMO and XPP
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
CXI 2D-Detector Control and DAQ Chain
Vacuum
Groundisolation
Fiber
Carrier
Board
Cornell detector/ASIC with
SLAC quadrant board
ATCA crate with SLAC DAQ Boards
S:AC RCE ATCA Module
Each Cornell detector has ~36,000 pixels
Controlled and read out using Cornell custom ASIC
~36,000 front-end amplifier circuits and analog-to-digital converters
Initially 16 x 32,000-pixel devices, then up to 64 x 32,000-pixel devices
4.6 Gbit/sec average with > 10 Gbit/sec peak
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
CXI Online Processing
Electronics gain correction (in RCE)
Response of amplifying electronics is mapped during calibration
Science data images are corrected for channel gain non-uniformity + non-linearity.
Dark image correction (in RCE)
Dark images accumulated between x-ray pulses
Averaged dark image subtracted from each science data image
Flat field correction (in RCE)
Each science data image is corrected for non-uniform pixel response
Event filtering (in RCE or later)
Events are associated with beam line data (BLD) via timestamp and vetoed based upon BLD
values. Veto action is recorded.
Images may be sparsified by predefined regions of interest.
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
CXI Online Processing con’t
Event processing (processing stage)
Examples are
Sparcification (region of interest)
Locating center
Reducing data by binning pixels
Mask errant pixels (saturated, negative intensity from dark image subtraction due to e.g. noise, nonfunctioning pixels, edge pixels from moving center)
Filling in missing data with centro-symmetric equivalent points
Transforming camera geometry due solid angle coverage and dead space between tiles
Radial averaging, showing intensity versus scattering angle or momentum transfer
Compute 2D autocorrelation function (single FFT) and store. Essentially at rate of 1 Hz with 4 MB (2Mpixel x
2 bytes) frames.
Peak finding (locate and fit Gaussian intensity peaks). There may be multiple peaks in some cases and the
peak finding algorithms should be able to identify up to a few thousand peaks.
The CXI instrument will have an Ion Time-of-Flight which will produce data at 120Hz. The online processing
of this data involves data reduction based on thresholding and vetoing based on thresholding or the fitting of
peak positions and height.
LUSI CXI FIDR
June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
CXI Monitoring
A copy of the data is distributed (multicast) to monitoring nodes on the DAQ
subnet.
The monitoring nodes will provide displays for experimenters’ viewing:
corrected detector images at ≥ 5 Hz
histories of veto rates, beam intensity, + other BLD values.
Reduced analysis of sampled binned data (versus scan parameter) or other
processing tbd
Implemented with Qt (C++/Python open source GUI)
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Common Diagnostics Readout
E.g. intensity, profile monitor, intensity
position monitors
E.g. Canberra PIPS or IRD SXUV large
area diodes (single or quad)
Amplifier/shaper/ADC for
control/calibration/readout
Quad-Detector
R2
q1
q2
R1
Target
L
• Fourdiode
design
• On-board calibration circuits not shown
• Board designed, fabricated, loaded, is in test
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June 3, 2009
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
WBS for LUSI XPP Controls & Data Systems
1.6.4.1 XPP H3 Controls Requirements, Design and Setup
1.6.4.2 XPP H3 Standard Hutch Controls
1.6.4.3 XPP H3 Specific Controls
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haller@slac.stanford.edu
Milestones
Controls Dates for Installation in FEH (incremental
installation driven by instrument component availability)
Start: Early
Finish: Early
Finish “Early Science” Commissioning before
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~April 2010
~Nov 2010
~ May 2011
G. Haller
haller@slac.stanford.edu
Summary
Interface and Requirements documents released
Clear what needs to be done
No issues, design meets requirements
Design Mature
Most items are already used (hardware and software) in XTOD and AMO, plus XPP
ahead of CXI
CXI Preliminary Design Review completed
Most items similar to XTOD and AMO and XPP which already had Final Design
Reviews for Controls and Data Systems (XTOD is being installed, AMO will follow in
July 09)
Team
Engineers and technicians from PPA Research Engineering Group, sufficient manpower available for CXI
LUSI CXI FIDR
June 3, 2009
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G. Haller
haller@slac.stanford.edu