DNA TO RNA
Transcription is the process of creating a
molecule that can carry the genetic blueprint for a
particular protein coding gene from the DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosomes found outside the nucleus.
GENE EXPRESSION
The steps that create proteins from DNA code
Protein functions.
Enzymes are proteins that cause chemical
reactions.
Proteins that make up physical parts of organisms.
RESEARCHERS HAVE CONFIRMED THE EXISTENCE OF 19,599 PROTEINCODING GENES IN THE HUMAN GENOME AND IDENTIFIED ANOTHER
2,188 DNA SEGMENTS THAT ARE PREDICTED TO BE PROTEIN-CODING
GENES.
CHROMOSOMES ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS
 Chromosomes are made of DNA and Protein.
 Genes are a segments of DNA that tells a cell how to make different proteins
RIBOSOMES THE ORGANELLE THAT JOINS
AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEINS.
GETTING THE PROTEIN INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE DNA
TO THE RIBOSOME
RNA CAN LEAVE THE NUCLEUS THROUGH NUCLEAR
PORES AND TRAVEL TO RIBOSOMES
RNA STRUCTURE
LIKE DNA…RNA IS MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES
RNA THE 4 NITROGEN BASES AND RIBOSE SUGAR
BASE PAIRING RULES
TRANSLATION HAS 3 STEPS
DETAILS
TRANSCRIPTION VIDEOS
 http://www.dnatube.com/video/5763/DNA-Transcription-animation
 http://www.dnatube.com/video/29711/How-Genes-are-Expressed-with-
Transcription-Factors
 http://www.dnatube.com/video/29706/Paired-DNA-strands
 http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chap
ter15/stages_of_transcription.html
RNA PROCESSING
 DNA contains non-coding regions called introns.
 These may be viral DNA or genes that are no longer used by the cell.
 The coding regions of DNA are called Exons.
 RNA processing is a process that removes the introns and joins the
exons.
 The resulting molecule is called mRNA [messenger RNA]
REMOVING INTRONS WITH SPLICEOSOMES
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN
 http://highered.mheducation.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::5
35::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120077/bio30.swf::How+Spliceosomes+Pr
ocess+RNA